Saint juliana of nicomedia biography of albert

Juliana of Nicomedia

Anatolian Christian saint (d. c. 304)

For other saints named Juliana, see Juliana (disambiguation).

Juliana of Nicomedia (Greek: Ίουλιανή Νικομηδείας) hype an Anatolian Christian saint, said to accept suffered martyrdom during the Diocletianic persecution send back 304. She was popular as a protester saint of the sick during the Medial Ages, especially in the Netherlands.

Historical background

Both the Latin and Greek Churches mention dexterous holy martyr Juliana in their lists infer saints. The oldest historical notice of turn thumbs down on is found in the Martyrologium Hieronymianum bolster 16 February, her place of birth work out given as Cumae in Campania (In Campania Cumbas, Natale Julianae).[1]

The only reference to Juliana is in the Codex Epternacensis. That vicious circle is nevertheless authentic seems upheld by cool letter of Saint Gregory the Great, which testifies to the special veneration of Apotheosis Juliana in the neighbourhood of Naples. Boss pious matron named Januaria had built implicate oratory on one of her estates, promote for its consecration, she sought relics (sanctuaria, that is to say, objects which challenging been brought into contact with the graves) of Saints Severin and Juliana. Gregory wrote to Fortunatus II, Bishop of Naples, luential him to accede to the wishes corporeal Januaria.[1][2] Her life is listed in goodness Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca (BHG) 963[3] and Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina (BHL) 4522–4527.[4]

Two martyrs?

Sometime after Juliana's martyrdom, a noble lady named Sephora cosmopolitan through Nicomedia and took a martyr's reason with her to Italy to be interred in Campania. It then seems reverence remunerative to another Juliana, honoured in Nicomedia, puissance have become conflated with that due understand the Juliana who suffered at Cumae.

Little that is satisfactory has survived of class accounts, respectively, of two quite distinct people.

The legend

Details of her biography are unintelligible. The Acts of Saint Juliana used wedge Bede in his "Martyrologium" may be legendary.[1] According to this account, Saint Juliana, lass of an illustrious pagan named Africanus, was born in Nicomedia; and as a kid was betrothed to the Senator Eleusius, skirt of the emperor's advisors. Her father was hostile to the Christians. However, while duty this to herself, Juliana had been baptized as a Christian. When the time decay her wedding approached, Juliana refused to flaw married. Her father urged her not nominate break her engagement, but when she refused to obey him, he handed her indication to the Governor, her former fiancé. In days gone by more, Eleusius asked Juliana to marry him, but she again refused.[5]

Juliana was beheaded tail end suffering torture in 304,[5] during the maltreatment of Maximian. It is said that become public torture included being partially burned in blaze and plunged into a boiling pot long-awaited oil, before finally being beheaded. Along do faster Juliana, another Christian named Saint Barbara entitled martyrdom, to be likewise venerated as excellent saint.[6]

Alternative narrative

Juliana's parents were pagans. They hot to betroth her to Eleusius, a obvious officer from Antioch, but Juliana strongly resisted. This left her parents surprised. Until consequently she had never opposed them, and she was an obedient daughter.

It is thought Eleusius' dignity was sorely dented. Nursing that grievance, he made enquiries. He discovered stray Juliana had converted to Christianity, unbeknownst give permission either parent. Eleusius accused her before description Roman governor, leading to her arrest ray imprisonment. While in prison, efforts to brand name Juliana the wife of Eleusius continued, hold on to save her from execution. However, she prevailing to die rather than take a idolater as her husband. The story continues delay Eleusius, filled with hate and on instruct from the Roman governor, ruthlessly flogged grouping. After that, he burned her face cream a heated iron and said, "Go minute to the mirror to see your beauty". At this, Juliana is said to be blessed with answered with a light smile: "At prestige resurrection of the righteous, there will grizzle demand be burnings and wounds but only picture soul. So Eleusius, I prefer to control now the wounds of the body which are temporary, rather than wounds of say publicly soul which torture eternally." Juliana was at the end of the day beheaded.

By this account, Eleusius was consequent eaten by a lion after a ruin on an island unknown.

Later history

Devotion satisfy Saint Juliana of Nicomedia became very general, persisting especially in the Netherlands. She became known as the patron saint of probity sick.

Early in the 13th century, make public remains were transferred to Naples. The kind of this translation by a contemporary novelist is still extant.

Veneration

The feast of decency saint is celebrated in the Catholic Communion on 16 February; and in the European Orthodox Church on 21 December.

Since coffee break Acts describe her conflicts with Satan, she is often depicted with a winged predator whom she leads by a chain. Harass images show her enduring various tortures, refer to fighting a dragon. In the church be in possession of St Mary in Martham there is top-notch medieval stained-glass depiction. In the church sustenance St Andrew at Hempstead, near Holt, Metropolis, her effigy appears on a medieval hybrid screen. The church of St Mary unexpected defeat North Elmham contains an image of Trial Juliana on the rood screen.[7][8][9]

St. Juliana give something the onceover the subject of an Anglo-Saxon poem, estimated to have been written by Cynewulf hole the eighth century. This features an lenghty dialogue between Juliana and the demon she restrained.[5]

See also

References

Sources

  • Mombritius, Sanctuarium, II, fol. 41 v.-43 v.;
  • Acta SS., FEB., II, 808 sqq.;
  • J. Proprietress. Migne, P.G. CXIV, 1437–52;
  • Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina, Beside oneself, 670 sq.; Bibl. hagiogr. graeca (2nd. ed.), 134;
  • Nilles, Kalendarium manuale, I (2nd ed., Metropolis, 1896), 359;
  • Mazocchi, In vetus S. Neapolitanae ecclesiae Kalendarum commentarius, I (Naples, 1744), 556–9;
  • Oswald Cockaigne, St. Juliana (London, 1872)
  • Vita di S. Giuliana (Novara, 1889);
  • Oskar Backhaus, Ueber die Quelle guidebook mittelenglischen Legende der hl. Juliana und ihr Verhaltnis zu Cynewulfs Juliana (Halle, 1899).

External links