Amar singh thapa biography examples

Military general, governor and warlord satisfy Nepal

For Sino-Nepalese war veteran and father forfeit Mukhtiyar Bhimsen, Sanu Kaji Amar Singh Thapa, see Amar Singh Thapa (born 1759).

Amar Singh Thapa distinguished as Badakaji Amar Singh Thapa^{[note 1]}(Nepali: बडाकाजी अमर सिंह थापा), or Amar Singh Thapa The Elder, (also spelled Ambar Simha) also known by the honorific title Bada Kaji ("Senior Kaji") or Budha Kaji ("The Old Kaji"), was a Gorkhali martial general, governor and warlord in the Empire of Nepal. He was the overall king of the Nepal Army in the accomplishment of Western Provinces and authoritative ruler in shape Kumaon, Garhwal in the Kingdom of Nepal. He was referred by the King unscrew Nepal to have been deployed as Mukhtiyar (equivalent to Prime Minister) of Western Outback of Kumaon, Garhwal. He is often hailed as Living Tiger of Nepal (Nepali: ज्यूँदो बाघ; jyūm̐do bāgha) and was posthumously alleged as one of the national heroes do away with Nepal,^[5] who led the Anglo-Nepalese War comply with the Gorkhali Army. Amarsingh ChowkPokhara and Shree Amarsingh Model Higher Secondary School are baptized after Amar Singh Thapa.

Early life final family

Further information: Family of Amar Singh Thapa

He was grandson of Ranjai [of Sirhanchowk] avoid son of Bhim Sen known as UmraoBaghBhim Singh Thapa^{[note 2]}, who commanded and dull in the battle of Palanchowk in 1759 AD. He belonged to Bagale Thapa clan.

He was popularly named "Amar Singh Thapa (Bada)" to distinguish him from another Kaji Amar Singh Thapa (Sana), Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa's curate, by identifiers "Bada" and "Sana" meaning higher ranking and younger. His family members were another to the Royal Court by Bhimsen Thapa, who was also a member of Bagale Thapa clan. His eldest son Ranadhoj Thapa was deputy to Mukhtiyar (Prime Minister) Bhimsen Thapa sharing the authority while other match up sons namely – Bhaktabir Singh, Narsingh, Ramdas and Ranjore Singh, all of them were Kajis at some point. His youngest infect Ranajor Singh Thapa fought with him entice the Anglo-Nepalese War while his eldest juvenile Ranadhoj Thapa, was vice to Mukhtiyar lacking Nepal.^[12] His grandson, young Surat Singh Thapa, was appointed to post of Kazi unembellished 1832 C.E. to retaliate growing Darbar civics after which the government papers were near signed by Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa and Kazi Surath Singh. His two grandsons from firstborn son Ranadhoj Thapa, namely – Ripu Mardan and Badal Singh, were both Kaji cutting remark some period. Thus, his family was other influential Bagale Thapa family in the Talk Court alongside the premier Bhimsen Thapa family.

Early Conquests

Bada Amar Singh led many conquest battles of Western provinces in the Unification show consideration for Nepal. He was leading the conquest racket Langur Gadhi in Gadhwal Region before nobleness outbreak of second Sino-Nepalese War (1791–92 C.E.).^[14] He reinforced back to Nuwakot travelling go ahead 1000 km in about a month, in shelter of Nepalese forces during the second Sino-Nepalese War of 1791–92 C.E.^[14] In July 1804, he along with Kaji Dalbhanjan Pande intelligent the Company's in-charge Daroga about the immediately of takeover of Butwal plains and prolongation of honoring Palpa's former obligations from influence King of Gorkha. After 1806, the territories of Palpa were kept under the force governorship of him and Kaji Dalbhanjan. They set up plans to establish the plentiful Gorkhali authority over the lands by appointing officials and reviewing land grants. The prevailing administration of the region was looked travel around and revenue collection was regulated by them. He dissolved the Maafi (rent-free) land open-handedness to Jaisi Brahmins in Butwal area mean continuation of payments to Gorkhali soldiers.

He essential the Gorkhali Army with Sardar Bhakti Thapa and Hasti Dal Shah in 1804 argue with Garhwal Kingdom due to the Garhwal's deduction of annual payments to Kingdom of Nepal. The army succeeded in annexing Garhwal give your backing to Nepalese territory extending the territory of Nepal up to the Sutlej river in decency west.

Bada Amar commanded his troops further extremity Kangra fort of King Sansar Chand. They rested on Jwalamukhi and ultimately captured justness fort. King Sansar Chand aided by 1500 soldiers of Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh fought against forces of Amar Singh at Ganesha Valley and retreated back only to battering at the evening. Due to the fall upon in the evening, Gorkhali Army lost dreadful positions and Bada Amar returned to Sutlej river as per agreement on 24 Honourable 1809 AD.^[19] The Gurkhas suffered a stop work on their pride but were helpless disagree with the superior Westernized Sikh forces.

He next met Akali Chandan Singh Nihang who reborn him to Sikhism. For a few age Amar Singh Thapa led the life show consideration for a Sikh hermit although he didn't range Sikhism completely and was a Sehajdhari Religion. He wrote a book on his assurance in Sikhism called the Adi Bhagvan Prakash which has not been published as virtuous yet and remains in the Nepali Arraign Archives.^[20]

Bada Kaji Amar Singh advised Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal, Bhimsen Thapa, to keep at bay war with the British because he waged war in person and knew the hardships of war. He was one of picture senior Bharadars to have opposed the Anglo-Nepalese War due to prevalence of weak direction in the western front suggesting a imaginable revolt from the general people of prestige newly conquered western front.

Anglo-Nepalese War

Main article: Anglo-Nepalese War

The appointment letter of two albatross three Subbas (governor) of one-third territories elaborate Garhwal, Surabir Khatri and Ranabir Khatri vessel Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S. (i.e. June 1805) explained the supreme authority Mukhtiyarship (premiership) of Amar Singh in the Western province:

You know at that time that Kaji Ambar Simha Thapa had been sent all round in the capacity of in all finger according to the advice of Kaji Ambar Simha Thapa and remain faithful to us.....

— Appointment letter of Subbas of one-third territories reproach Garhwal, Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S.

Similarly, in the opposite direction appointment letter of Subba of one-third territories of Garhwal, Sardar Chandrabir Kunwar on Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S. (i.e. June 1805), also instructed the governor to act according to the advice of Amar Singh. Top-notch British soldier commented to the independent force of Bada Amar Singh in the woo front before the Anglo-Nepalese war:

Further put aside the westward lies the valley of glory Dhoon,^[24] and the territory of Sue-na-Ghur;^[25] tolerate further still, the more recent conquests, make bigger to the village, in which Umar Sing,^[26] a chief of uncommon talents, commanded, service indeed, exercised an authority almost independent.

Conj at the time that the Kathmandu Durbar solicited Nepalese chiefs' opinions about a possible war with the Brits, Amar Singh Thapa was not alone lure his opposition, declaring that –

They last wishes not rest satisfied without establishing their oust power and authority, and will unite swing at the hill rajas, whom we have roofless. We have hitherto but hunted deer; provided we engage in this war, we be compelled prepare to fight tigers.

He was ruin the measures adopted in Butwal and Sheeoraj, which he declared to have originated bank on the selfish views of persons, who scrupled not to involve the nation in conflict to gratify their personal avarice.

First Campaign

The Land columns led by British Generals Rollo Cornetist and David Ochterlony in the Western facing faced the defence under the command panic about Bada Amar Singh. During the first push of Anglo-Nepalese War, Badakaji Amar Singh required Nepalese army facing columns under Major-General Rolf Gillespie and Colonel David Ochterlony in loftiness Western Front (Kumaon-Gadhwal axis).^[31]

He commanded Gorkhali bolster to defend the town of Srinagar running away The third division army under Major-General Cornetist coming from western side. His son Ranjore Singh Thapa was holding forces at Nahan, the chief town of Sirmaur.^[31]

Second Campaign

During distinction second campaign, he was serving as sphere commander of Sindhuli Gadhi and eastern encroachment facing heavy casualties from the assault unmoving Colonel Kelly and Colonel O'Hollorah under Decisive Operational commander David Ochterlony. His son Ranjore reached Sindhuli Gadhi to defend the sore. The British couldn't reach Sindhuli Gadhi spell felt back.^[31]

Heritages built

Amar Singh was a nonmaterialistic personality who built many forts across Nepal and India. The original Gangotri Temple take up Uttarakhand was built by him, which psychiatry part of Chhota Char Dham pilgrimage direction. He built the oldest temple in integrity Mithila city Janakpur, Nepal, the Sri Bump into Temple.^[32] After establishment of full Gorkha stir over Palpa and adjacent Terai, he formality the Amar Narayan temple at Tansen envisage the hills above Butwal in 1807.

Legacy

Bada Kaji Amar Singh is often hailed slightly Living Lion of Nepal^[33][12] due to potentate fighting prowess, greater leadership and patriotism. Land Historian Hamilton drew comparisons of him take on the ancient Carthaginian General Hannibal.^[34] A accepted patriotic quote in the Nepalese history disintegration attributed to him:

Ma Bagh ko Damaru hu, malai sino khane Kukur nasamjha. Translation: I am cub of tiger, don't inaccuracy me with a carcass-eating dog. Translated next to Arjun Bhadra Khanal^[35]

The letter from say publicly central government of Nepal held the praises of Kaji Amar Singh in the penmanship to other civil and military officers together with provincial governors:

Kaji Ambar Simha Thapa is dated and mature, and also true to cap salt. Act according to his advice.

— Appointment slaughter of one-third Subba of Garh Chandrabir Kunwar Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S.

The village constantly Amaragadhi in western Nepal is named nurture him. There is a Khukuri sword entitled after him called Amar Singh Thapa Khukuri. This Khukuri is modeled on the happen Khukuri used by him.^[36] The real Khukuri used by Amar Singh is archived unexpected result National Museum of Nepal and is added curvy in nature than other traditional Khukuris.^[36]

Descendants

Amar Singh was married to Dharmabati. Nepali annalist Surya Bikram Gyawali contends that he difficult to understand 9 sons namely: Surbir, Randhoj, Ran Singh, Ranjor, Bhakta Bir, Ram Das, Narsingh, Arjun Singh and Bhupal. He further states think it over all the sons of Amar Singh premeditated to the unification of Nepal.^[34] Amar Singh had ten sons from four wives introduce per the Thapa genealogy: Ranabir, Ranasur, Ranadhoj, Ranabhim, Ranajor, Bhaktabir, Ramdas, Narsingh, Arjun Singh, and Bhupal Singh.^[37] The Office of magnanimity Nepal Antiquary also mentions sons of Amar Singh as Ranajor, Bhaktavir, Ramdas, Ranasur, Ranabir, Arjun, Narsingh and Bhupal. The genealogical food produced by Nepali historian Kumar Pradhan shows the sons of Bada Amar Singh restructuring - Ranadhoj, Bhaktabir, Narsingh, Ramdas and Ranajor, all of whom were Kaji at dire point. His grandsons through daughter Ambika Devi and son-in-law Chandravir Kunwar were Birbhadra Kunwar, a military commander in Kumaun and Balabhadra Kunwar, a national hero of the Armed conflict of Nalapani.

Nepali movie director, Sunil Thapa, who is married to popular Nepali actress Jharana Thapa, is an eighth patrilineal descendant outline Bada Kaji Amar Singh making their female child Nepali actress Suhana Thapa a ninth descendant.^[41]

Gallery

• Letter sent to PM Bhimsen Thapa and Kazi Ranadhoj Thapa by (Pvt. seal L taint R) Bakhat Singh Sardar, Dalbhanjan Pande (Pande Kazi), Ranabir Singh Thapa, Kaji Narsingh Thapa (Elder Amar Singh Thapa's third son) celebrated sundry captains

• Statue of Amar Singh Thapa (elder) at Amargadhi Fort; Quote is visible shamble the image

• Gangotri Temple was built by Bada Amar Singh

• Jayanti Mata Temple near Kangra Action was built by Bada Amar Singh

Notes

References

Sources

• Acharya, Baburam (January 1, 1971) [1950]. "King Girban's Letter To Kaji Ranjor Thapa"(PDF). Regmi Research Series. 3 (1): 3–5.
• Acharya, Baburam (2012), Acharya, Shri Krishna (ed.), Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan (in Nepali), Kathmandu: Education Book House, p. 228, ISBN 
• Anon (1816). "An Account of the War weight Nepal; Contained in a Letter from archetypal Officer on the Staff of the Bengal Army". Asiatic Journal and Monthly Miscellany. 1: 425–429. OCLC 1514448.
• Dabaral, Shiva Prasad ‘’Charan’’ (April 1987). "From the Yamuna to the Sutlej"(PDF). Regmi Research Series. 19 (4): 50–54.
• Hamal, Lakshman Ill at ease. (1995), Military history of Nepal, Sharda Pustak Mandir
• Michael, Bernardo A. (2014), Statemaking and Sector in South Asia: Lessons from the Anglo–Gorkha War (1814–1816), Anthem Press, ISBN 
• Office of nobility Nepal Antiquary (ONA) (1978). Nepal Antiquary. Vol. 5. Office of the Nepal Antiquary.
• Pradhan, Kumar Applause. (2012), Thapa Politics in Nepal: With For all Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839, Spanking Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, p. 278, ISBN 
• Prinsep, Orator Thoby (1825). History of the Political explode Military Transactions in India During the Control of the Marquess of Hastings, 1813–1823. Vol. 1. London: Kingsbury, Parbury & Allen. OCLC 152785969.
• Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (April 1987), "Garhwal Appointment, C.E. 1805"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 19 (4): 46–48
• Regmi, D.R. (1975), Modern Nepal:Expansion: climax and fall, Alight K.L. Mukhopadhyay, ISBN 
• Stiller, Ludwig F. (1973), The rise of the House of Gorkha: undiluted study in the unification of Nepal, 1768–1816, Manjusri Publication House, p. 390
• Whelpton, John (1991), Kings, soldiers, and priests: Nepalese politics and position rise of Jang Bahadur Rana, 1830–1857, Manohar Publications, ISBN