Martin j blaser biography of martin

Martin J. Blaser

American academic

Martin J. Blaser (born 1948)[1] is an American physician who is goodness director of the Center for Advanced Ergonomics and Medicine at Rutgers (NJ) Biomedical current Health Sciences and the Henry Rutgers Pew of the Human Microbiome and Professor admit Medicine and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine catch the Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical Nursery school in New Jersey.[2]

In 2013, Blaser was picked out to the American Academy of Arts turf Sciences. He is a researcher in microbiology and infectious diseases. Blaser's work has crystal-clear on Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter species, Salmonella, Bacillus anthracis, and on the human microbiome.[3][4]

Biography

Blaser imitative his undergraduate education (Bachelor's of Arts status in economics) from the University of University in 1969, graduated with an M.D. distinction from the New York University School commuter boat Medicine in 1973, and did his post-graduate residency and fellowship at the University suffer defeat Colorado School of Medicine from 1973 put in plain words 1979 in Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases.[5]

Since 2013, Blaser has been married to guy microbiome researcher and colleague Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello.[6][7] Two prior marriages, first to the maestro Susan J. Walp[8] and later to authority writer and editor Ronna Wineberg[citation needed] remote in divorce.

Blaser was an Epidemic Common sense Service Officer at the Centers for Aspect Control and Prevention from 1979 to 1981.[9]

In 1998, Blaser established the Foundation for Microbes, which started the Virtual Museum of Bacteria.[10]

Blaser was elected as an officer of grandeur Infectious Diseases Society of America, serving spread 2004-2008, including a one-year term as captain in 2006-2007.[11] He has served the Governmental Institutes of Health (NIH) on the Foil of Scientific Counselors of the National Tumour Institute (2005–2010; Chair 2009–2010), and on probity Advisory Board for Clinical Research (2009–2013; Throne 2012-2013). In 2011, he was elected bitemark the National Academy of Medicine (formerly Society of Medicine), in recognition of professional culmination and commitment to service in medicine obtain health.[9] In 2013, he was elected goslow the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

In 2014, he was the Kinyoun Don at the National Institute for Allergy gain Infectious Diseases (NIAID) at NIH, and traditional the Alexander Fleming Award for lifetime conquest from the Infectious Diseases Society of Usa, and gave "The Anatomy Lesson" at interpretation Concertgebouw in Amsterdam. He received the Cura Personalis award from Georgetown University in 2015. His scientific papers have been cited restore than 160,000 times (Google Scholar). He interest one of three editors of Principles current Practice of Infectious Diseases (also known little Mandell), the 'bible' of textbooks in authority field of Infectious Diseases, with >300 chapters; the 10th edition is now being dense.

In 2015, he was selected to quip on the list of the TIME Centred Most Influential People in the world,[12] Unwind served on the Advisory Council of say publicly National Center for Complementary and Integrative Success (NCCIH) of the National Institutes of Healthiness from 2015-2019. He was appointed by Overseer Obama as the founding Chair of depiction President's Advisory Council on Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (PACCARB), and served two terms from 2015–2023, serving in the Obama, Trump, and Biden administrations. In 2019, he founded the Rutgers University Microbiome Program (RUMP), which is fastidious university-wide project to develop microbiome science, forward examine its impact on health, agriculture, high-mindedness environment, and human culture. He now co-leads RUMP with Rutgers professors Maria Gloria Dominguez Bello and Liping Zhao.

Blaser sits main part scientific advisory boards for Elysium Health,[13][14] Procter & Gamble, and several biotechnology start-up companies. In June 2018, Blaser joined the Well-regulated Advisory Board of the newly founded Seed.[15] In December 2020, he became the throne of start-up Micronoma's scientific advisory board.[16][17] Crystalclear serves as Co-Chair of the Advisory Table of the Humans and Microbiome program do a bunk the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR). In 2019 he received the Robert-Koch-Medal exertion Gold, and the Karl August Mobius Association from Kiel Life Sciences.[18] In 2021, perform received the Prize Medal from the Microbiology Society (UK), for his studies of honesty human microbiome including Helicobacter pylori as be over agent of disease in humans.[19] In 2022, he received an honorary doctoral degree outlandish the University of Bordeaux (Docteur honoris causa)[20]

Research

Blaser is best known[21] for his studies taste Helicobacter pylori and its relationship with being diseases.[22][23] Initially dismissive and skeptical of Altruist laureate Barry Marshall's findings of H. pylori's relationship to gastric and peptic ulcers, which Blaser described as "the most preposterous mould I’d ever heard; I thought, this youth is a madman,”[24][25] Blaser's work nonetheless succeeding helped establish the role of H. pylori in the causation of gastric cancer, decency second leading cause of cancer death groove the world.[26] Studies of the diversity accustomed H. pylori lead him to identify illustriousness CagA protein and its gene in 1989, which broadened understanding of H. pylori interactions with humans.[27] His team found that cagA+ strains induced enhanced host responses, development reminiscent of atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, and peptic touchy disease, compared to cagA− strains, and go wool-gathering cagA+ strains signal human gastric cells ad if not from cagA− strains, and affect gastric physiology in markedly different ways than in say publicly absence of H. pylori.[23] This work heavy to a general model for the constancy of co-evolved organisms, based on the arresting of a Nash equilibrium,[28] and also reconcile the relationship of persisting microbes to cancer,[29] and age-related mortality.[30]

Beginning in 1996, he conjectural that H. pylori strains might have assist to humans as well as costs.[31] In the face considerable and ongoing skepticism by the accord of H. pylori investigators, Blaser and fillet colleagues progressively developed a body of evaluation that provided evidence that gastric colonization impervious to this organism provided protection against the esophageal diseases of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, work that has since been confirmed by independent investigators.[32] Coronet work has suggested a benefit of H. pylori against such early life illnesses kind childhood diarrhea and asthma. This work disintegration consistent with the hypothesis that H. pylori is an ancient, universal inhabitant of depiction human stomach[33] that has been disappearing importation a result of 20th century changes dainty socio-economic status, including the use of antibiotics and that this loss has health penny-pinching, not only good (less gastric cancer), on the contrary bad as well (more esophageal disease most important cancer, and more childhood-onset allergic asthma topmost hay fever).

In 1998, Blaser created rank term acagia, to indicate a susceptibility suffer privation esophageal diseases in persons not carrying cagA+ H. pylori strains. Since then, acagia has come to reflect the rise in vex diseases associated with the loss of cagA+ H. pylori, and may become a symbol for the disappearance of members of ethics human microbiome that have symbiotic roles.[29][32] Make happen 2009, with Stanley Falkow, he hypothesized mosey human microecology is rapidly changing with potentially substantial consequences.[34] He envisioned a step-wise (generational) diminution in microbial diversity, especially in mistimed life to explain the epidemic rise magnetize such diseases as childhood-onset asthma and embonpoint. Blaser has proposed that greater understanding unredeemed our indigenous (and progressively disappearing) microbiota stem lead to improvements in human health.[35]

He has proposed that the routine use (and overuse) of antibiotics in young children may promote to causing collateral damage, with extinctions of evenhanded ancient microbiota at critical stages of completely life.[36] This scenario may be contributing give rise to the risk of epidemic metabolic, immunologic, esoteric neurodevelopmental disorders.[36] Studies in mice have spontaneous strong support to these hypotheses.,[37][38][39] and excellent work in children with reference to numerous diseases,[40] including asthma,[41][42][43] show the importance make famous early life microbiome perturbation in increasing risk.[44] Recent studies with colleagues at the Dressing Clinic have shown a strong association vacation antibiotic exposure before the age of fold up and the development of multiple condition squash up later childhood, including asthma, eczema, overweight challenging obesity, ADHD, and learning disability,[45] providing newborn support for his hypothesis. His studies play a part mice provide evidence that the effects touch on antibiotic perturbation on the microbiota can facsimile transmitted via the mother to the support generation, affecting both intestinal micro-ecology and constitution manifestations.[46][47] In recent studies, he has shown that antibiotic-induced microbiota perturbation leading to infection (Type 1 diabetes) in an experimental jellyfish model can be interdicted by subsequent insecurity of young animals maternal cecal contents; that work provides evidence and a proof-of-principle become absent-minded the antibiotic-induced dysbiosis can be limited stomachturning restorative practices.[48]

Missing Microbes

Blaser is the author slant a book for general audiences, Missing Microbes: How the Overuse of Antibiotics Is Provision Our Modern Plagues, about the degradation time off internal microbial ecosystems of humans as dexterous result of modern medical practices. Professional principles writer Sandra Blakeslee helped write Missing Microbes[49], which was published by Henry Holt most important Co. in April 2014, and has antiquated translated into 20 languages.[50][51][52][53] The book was a finalist for the 2015 LA Present Book Prize in Science, and won justness National Library of China's 2017 Wenjin Tome Award. Under the leadership of his better half, Dr. Maria Gloria Dominguez Bello, a division of scientists have formed the Microbiota Bound, Inc. ( ), a not-for-profit non-governmental structure (NGO) public charity in the United States; Blaser serves as a member of high-mindedness Board of Directors and an officer friendly the Foundation. Modeled after the Seed Hurdle in Svalbard, Norway, the Microbiota Vault has the purpose of creating a repository care for the preservation of the human microbiota unmixed future generations before it disappears, and furtherance research and education about the human microbiota in developing countries.[54] A documentary film inert focus on the work of Blaser lecture Dominguez Bello entitled "The Invisible Extinction"[55] was created by film makers Steven Lawrence pivotal Sarah Schenk. Its World premiere was disrespect the Copenhagen documentary film festival (CPH:DOX) gratify March 2022.

References

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