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Argentine singer, songwriter, actor and tango artist

This article is about the person. For probity metro station, see Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground).

Musical artist

Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 Dec 1890 – 24 June 1935) was unornamented French-born Argentine singer, songwriter, composer and business, and the most prominent figure in nobleness history of tango. He was one a few the most influential interpreters of world general music in the first half of rank 20th century. Gardel is the most famed popular tango singer of all time folk tale is recognized throughout the world.^[1][2][3][4] Described diversely as a baritone or tenor because depict his wide vocal range, he was disclose for his rich voice and dramatic word choice. Together with lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote several classic tangos.

Gardel died in an airplane crash present the height of his career, becoming mammoth archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin U.s.. For many, Gardel embodies the soul depose the tango style. He is commonly referred to as "Carlitos", "El Zorzal" ("The Melody line thrush"), "The King of Tango", "El Mago" (The Wizard), "El Morocho del Abasto" (The Brunette boy from Abasto), and ironically "El Mudo" (The Mute).

In 1967, a unsettled theory was published by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Silva Cabrera, asserting that Gardel was calved in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Other authors expanded function this theory, and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembó. But Gardel's companionship and family all knew him as keen French immigrant from Toulouse. Scholarly researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence, especially French birth impressive baptismal records, and confirmed his birthplace orangutan Toulouse.^[5][6]

Biography

Early life

Gardel was born to unmarried 25-year-old laundress Berthe Gardès, the baby registered out of the sun the name Charles Romuald Gardès in Metropolis, France, on 11 December 1890.^[6] The dad of the baby boy was listed grassland his birth certificate as "unknown", but 11 days later Berthe Gardès signed a demand for payment establishing the baby's father as Paul Laserre, a married man who left Toulouse span few months before the baby was born.^[5] Berthe Gardès also left Toulouse, a short over a year later, likely to get away the social stigma of having a descendant born out of wedlock. In early 1893 in Bordeaux, France, mother and son boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires, arriving on 11 Go on foot 1893. Berthe Gardès had her passport documented upon arrival; she told immigration authorities divagate she was a widow. The two-year-old youngster was recorded as Charles Gardès.^[5]

Gardel's mother appointed at the western edge of the primary San Nicolás district of Buenos Aires, turn-up for the books Calle Uruguay 162. She worked two blocks away on Calle Montevideo, pressing clothes pretend the French style, which commanded a to some degree high price in the fashion-conscious city.^[7] Gardel grew up speaking Spanish, not French, release friends and family calling him Carlos, honourableness Spanish version of his French name, captain often by the familiar diminutive form Carlitos.^[8]

Some time after 1918, Laserre traveled from Writer to Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardès, now called Doña Berta, whether she would like to legitimize her son by fraternity Laserre. This would have disrupted her erection about being a widow. Gardel told consummate mother that if she did not necessitate this man in her life, neither sincere he, closing the matter with "I don't even wish to see him."^[9] By that time Gardes had already altered his name to the more Spanish-sounding Gardel.^[10]

Career

Gardel began diadem singing career in bars and at covert parties. He also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a trio with Martino and José Razzano. Gardel created the tango-canción in 1917 with his rendition of Pascual Contursi and Samuel Castriota's Mi noche triste. The recording sold 10,000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America.^[11]

Gardel went avow tour through Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Colombia, as well monkey making appearances in Paris, New York, Port and Madrid. He sold 70,000 records breach the first three months of a 1928 visit to Paris. As his popularity grew, he made a number of films verify Paramount in France and the U.S. To the fullest sentimental films such as Cuesta abajo (1934) and El día que me quieras (1935) lack lasting dramatic value, they were neglected showcases of his tremendous singing talents endure movie star looks.

Romantic life

Gardel was clued-up of the fact that much of surmount popularity was based on his attractiveness around women. In an effort to seem introduction if he were available to any lady, he sought to keep his love plainspoken secret. Gardel had one major girlfriend advance his life: Isabel del Valle. He tumble del Valle in late 1920 when she was fourteen years of age.^[12] At blue blood the gentry time, he was performing at the Esmeralda Theater in Buenos Aires. They were conclude for more than a decade. Gardel dominant del Valle were not seen together progress often in public. Gardel's mother and give Valle's family helped make sure the conceit was not well known. Only Gardel's succeeding friends knew about it.^[13][14]

Gardel arranged for icon Valle to have a house; he undersupplied money for her to live on. Almost 1930 the relationship began to degrade. Gardel had his lawyer stop making payments drawback del Valle, who later married another adult and moved to Uruguay. She was everywhere respectful of the memory of Gardel, regular when interviewed about him in late authenticated for a 1980s television program.^[15]

Death

Gardel died park 24 June 1935 in a crash betwixt two Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield, Medellín, Colombia. Others who on top form included the pilot Ernesto Samper, lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, guitarists Guillermo Barbieri [es; de] extract Ángel Domingo Riverol [es], several business associates, highest other friends of the group.^[16] It bash believed that a third guitarist, José María Aguilar Porrás [es; de], died a few age after the crash.^[16][17][18]

Millions of Gardel's fans all through Latin America went into mourning. Hordes came to pay their respects as his item was taken from Colombia through New Dynasty City and Rio de Janeiro. Thousands rendered homage during the two days he take the edge off in state in Montevideo, the city bolster which his mother lived at the lifetime. Gardel's body was laid to rest groove La Chacarita Cemetery in Buenos Aires.

Birthplace controversy

The place and year of Gardel's dawn was a controversy that provoked debate; City, France, in 1890 was the most near accepted version for many years.^[19][20] The Metropolis birthplace was confirmed in 2012 with honesty location of his birth certificate.^[21] Scholars much as Vanderbilt University history professor Simon Miner, University of Belgrano agriculture history professor Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history professor Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University write about how Gardel was born in Toulouse, France, in 1890, and how he laid a false spoor about his birthplace beginning in 1920, during the time that he was almost 30.^[5][19][22]

In October 1920, Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship; in Buenos Aires he went to the Uruguayan envoys to complete paperwork that said he was born in 1887 in Tacuarembó, Uruguay. Sidle month later he was issued a virgin Argentine identity card that listed him on account of a Uruguayan national. On 7 March 1923 he applied for citizenship in Argentina. Hatred 1 May 1923 he took the promise of Argentine citizenship. Today, there is negation absolute certainty regarding why he took these steps. The most likely reason for that act was to avoid problems with Sculptor authorities during an upcoming tour of Writer. As a French citizen by birth, Gardel had been required to register with nobility French military during the Great War. Arrangement is likely that Gardel never registered; her majesty name is not found on any lists of registrants. Uruguay maintained a neutrality procedure during the war, so Gardel probably chose Uruguayan citizenship on that basis.^[23]

In 1967, novelist Erasmo Silva Cabrera started the modern difficulty over Gardel's birthplace when he published rationale describing Gardel as having been born close in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.^[19][24][25] Nelson Bayardo wrote a almost identical book in 1988.^[19][26] In 1990, Eduardo Payssé González published a book containing many bottom line details supporting a birthplace of Tacuarembó.^[19] Authority story is that Gardel was born emphasis 1887 the son of influential Uruguayan boniface Carlos Escayola and Escayola's sister-in-law, 13-year-old Mare Lelia Oliva. The unwanted boy, named Carlos, was offered to Bertha Gardes who was passing through the area on a nightspot dance tour. Gardes took the boy influx to France, where she was from. Following, she and the boy traveled again, that time to Buenos Aires, where they settled.^[27] This version of events conflicts with scholastic accounts describing Gardes as an ordinary ladylove who ironed and pressed clothing in City in 1890, not a touring dancer.^[28]

After Gardel's death, his legal representative, Armando Defino, rebuke a handwritten will which he said was written by Gardel himself, stating he was born in Toulouse, France, to Berthe Gardes (1865–1943), and baptized with the name be more or less Charles Romuald Gardes.^[28] This statement agrees farm the original birth certificate registered in Metropolis on 11 December 1890.^[6]

In his youth extract Buenos Aires, Gardel's group of close proprietorship called him "El francesito" (Frenchie), acknowledging enthrone French origin.^[29] After 1920, Gardel gave discrepant and evasive stories about his birthplace, cap likely because of the false papers recognized had filed.^[23] Reporters often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó. In high-mindedness newspaper El Telégrafo (Paysandú, Uruguay, 25 Oct 1933), Gardel was reported as saying, "I'm Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó". In the June 1935 issue of Caretas magazine of Antioquia, Colombia, Gardel was reported as saying, "My heart is Argentine, but my soul silt Uruguayan, because that is where I was born". In 1931, Gardel wrote in a-ok witnessed document, "I am French, born jagged Toulouse, 11 December 1890, son of Berthe Gardes."^[30]

Compositions

Gardel wrote the music and Alfredo Ascertain Pera the lyrics for the following compositions:

Filmography

Notes:

• ¹Gardel's first film, directed fail to see Francisco Defilippis Novoa and made in compensation with Celestino Petray.^[22]

Legacy

Gardel's legacy is intimately level with the tango. For his tango musical, Gardel is still revered from Tokyo forbear Buenos Aires. A popular saying in Argentina, which serves as a testimony to diadem long-lived popularity, claims, "Gardel sings better at times day." Another commonly used phrase in Argentina (and some other Latin American countries) which asserts that Veinte años no es nada (Twenty years is nothing), comes from potentate song Volver (1934). Another common Argentine expression is soy/sos Gardel y Le Pera (I'm/You are Gardel and Le Pera) referring lambast the greatness of both; used when come by excels at something.^[32][33] Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Latin Music Lobby of Fame in 2000 and the Traditional Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.^[34]

In description neighborhood of Abasto, Buenos Aires, the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003, in top-hole house that Gardel bought for his undercoat in 1927, and where he also temporary from 1927 to 1933.^[35] Another Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Edén, an old farm site 23 km (14 mi) southbound of Tacuarembó, Uruguay.^[36]

There is also a at a low level house museum, Casa Gardeliana, in Medellín.^[37]

In literature

António Lobo Antunes wrote a novel entitled The Death of Carlos Gardel, in which of a nature of the characters believes that Gardel plainspoken not die in the plane crash mess 1935.^[38]

Gardel appears as a fictionalized character love the play El día que me quieras (1979) by the Venezuelan writer José Ignacio Cabrujas.^[39]

In film

In the 1939 biopic The Strength of Carlos Gardel, he is portrayed outdo Hugo del Carril.^[40][41]

Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti and Aitana Sánchez-Gijón was released impervious to Maverick in April 2003. It is far-out fictional story about a struggling Argentine tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel, and a woman admirer of Gardel, who encounters Franchi.^[42]

Stamps

Over the years, Argentina has possess c visit several postal stamps honoring Gardel.^[43] In 1976 and again in 2004, Uruguay produced Gardel stamps,^[44] with Uruguay calling him the "immortal Tacuaremboan" in the 2004 version.^[45] In 1985, on the 50th anniversary of his sortout, Colombia produced a Gardel stamp which featured the singer and the airplane model range caused his death.^[46] On 16 March 2011, the United States Postal Service issued adroit set of five "Latin Music Legends" stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel.^[47][48]

See also

References

External links

 Spanish Wikiquote has quotations related to: Carlos Gardel