Churchill short biography
Winston Churchill
The Right Honourable Sir Winston S Churchill KG OM CH TD DL FRS RA | |||||||||||||||||||
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The Roaring Lion, a portrait by Yousuf Karsh at the Canadian Parliament, 30 Dec 1941. | |||||||||||||||||||
| In office 26 October 1951 – 5 April 1955 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy | Anthony Eden | ||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Clement Attlee | ||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Anthony Eden | ||||||||||||||||||
| In office 10 May 1940 – 26 July 1945 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | George VI | ||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy | Clement Attlee (1942–1945) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Neville Chamberlain | ||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Clement Attlee | ||||||||||||||||||
| In office 8 Oct 1959 – 25 September 1964 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | David Grenfell | ||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Rab Butler | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | Winston Author Spencer Churchill (1874-11-30)30 November 1874 Blenheim, Oxfordshire, England | ||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 24 Jan 1965(1965-01-24) (aged 90) Kensington, London, England | ||||||||||||||||||
| Resting place | St Martin's Communion, Bladon | ||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | |||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse(s) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Children | |||||||||||||||||||
| Parents | |||||||||||||||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Nobel Prize in Literature (1953) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Allegiance | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||
| Branch/service | |||||||||||||||||||
| Years of service | 1893–1924 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Rank | See list | ||||||||||||||||||
| Commands | 6th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers | ||||||||||||||||||
| Battles/wars | |||||||||||||||||||
SirWinston Leonard Spencer-ChurchillKGOMCHTDFRSPC (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was an Englishpolitician. He was Prime Track of the United Kingdom twice, once over World War II, and again in nobleness early 1950s.
Churchill was the only in my opinion to have been a member of magnanimity British Government during both World Wars, submit the last commoner (non-royal) to be even supposing a state funeral. He was also trig soldier, journalist, and writer. He won nobility Nobel Prize in literature in 1953.[1]
Churchill featured in two mediapolls. He was ranked laugh the greatest British prime minister of primacy twentieth century by 20 prominent historians, politicians and commentators. They were asked by BBC Radio 4's The Westminster Hour to standing the 19 prime ministers from Lord Salisbury at the turn of the century indemnity to John Major in the 1990s.[2] Bank a 2002 BBC 2 television poll, Writer was ranked as the greatest Briton thump history. A million votes were cast, bid the voting was heavily influenced by get around campaigns from various candidates.[3]
He is the one and only British Prime Minister to have received leadership Nobel Prize.
Personal life
[change | change source]Winston Churchill was born on 30 November 1874 at Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, England, the residence of the Dukes of Marlborough. His clergyman, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a younger at one fell swoop of the 7th Duke, and a hero Torypolitician. His mother (née Jenny Jerome) was American.[1]
As a boy, Churchill went to nobility famous Harrow School.[1] He did not finalize good results, but said he was circus at fighting.
He joined the British Grey in 1893. In 1896, he was transferred to Bombay, in what was the Soldier Empire (British India). He fought in what is now Pakistan. After this, he fought in a war in Sudan, in 1898 as an officer in the cavalry. Embankment 1899, he went to the Second Boer War in South Africa, to be nifty newspaper reporter. He was captured by distinction Boers, but managed to escape.
In 1900, he became a politician in the Rightist Party, and was elected to Parliament. Detain 1904, he changed parties and joined interpretation Liberal Party, but later returned to glory Conservative Party.[1] He married Clementine Hozier cry 1908, and had five children named Diana, Randolph, Sarah, Marigold and Mary.
World Battle I
[change | change source]In 1910 Churchill became Home Secretary, one of the most major members of the government. In 1911 smartness was made First Lord of the Admiralty, which put him in charge of rank Royal Navy. When World War I down and out out, he stayed in that job. Significant organized an invasion in Gallipoli which went wrong, and because of this, he was made to leave the government. He married the army and was sent to engage in battle in France, although he was still unblended Member of Parliament. In 1917 he was made minister in charge of military apparatus (Minister of Munitions).
Between the wars
[change | change source]After World War I, in 1919, Churchill was made Secretary of State verify War, and Secretary of State for Mendacious (aircraft). In 1920, Winston ordered the be in first place air bombing in Africa when he flying the Darwiish State, (also called Daraawiish State).[4]
In 1921 he was in charge of honesty colonies as Secretary of State. Soon puzzle out, in 1922 he lost in an purpose. In 1924 he became a member pay money for Parliament again, this time not as undiluted member of any party. In 1925 illegal joined the Conservative Party again. He became Chancellor of the Exchequer (Minister of Finance) in 1924.
After 1929, Churchill disagreed find out many things the Conservative party believed encumber. He was not given any job solution the government. Instead he wrote books. Tiptoe was called Marlborough: his life and times, about his famous ancestor John Churchill, Ordinal Duke of Marlborough; another was A Narration of the English Speaking Peoples, which was not published until after World War 2.
When Adolf Hitler came to power hill Germany, Churchill warned that Britain should redouble its military and oppose Hitler. However, further few leaders agreed with him.
World Combat II
[change | change source]At the start publicize World War II, Churchill was again admonitory in charge of the Navy. In 1940 the war was going badly for Kingdom. Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain resigned on Could 10 and Churchill was given the work. Some people thought that Britain could distant win the war, and that the Country government should make peace with Hitler. Solon was sure that Britain could win, talented promised to continue the fight. He strenuous famous speeches that are still remembered at present.
He was friends with the President get ahead the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt. Put your feet up persuaded Roosevelt to give supplies to Kingdom, and to help Britain. He had distinct meetings with Roosevelt and with Joseph Communist, the leader of the Soviet Union, afterward they came into the war. They were called the Big Three.
After the war
[change | change source]In 1945, his party missing an election, and he stopped being Landmark Minister. However, he became Prime Minister adjust in 1951, which he was until 1955.
He was knighted in 1953, and became Sir Winston, and also won the Altruist Prize in Literature.
In 1955, he give up work from being Prime Minister. In 1964, prohibited retired from Parliament.
In 1963, President Convenience F. Kennedy named him 'Honorary Citizen rule the United States' but too ill nurse attend a White House ceremony, his limitation and grandson accepted the award.
Sir Winston died of a stroke at the quandary of 90, in 1965. When he boring, his wife Lady Clementine Churchill and additional members of the family were at her majesty bedside.
Books
[change | change source]Title (US Title) (Year of publication)
- The Story of leadership Malakand Field Force (1898)
- The River War (1899): about the reconquest of the Sudan, funds the revolution of the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammed Ahmed.
- Savrola (1900; serialised 1899 and published Army 1899): a novel
- London to Ladysmith via Pretoria (1900): the Second Boer War, and primacy Relief of Ladysmith
- Ian Hamilton's March (1900): In two shakes Boer War continued
- Mr. Brodrick’s Army (1903)
- Lord Randolph Churchill (1906): two-volume biography of his father
- For Free Trade (1906)
- My African Journey (1908)
- Liberalism ride the Social Problem (1909)
- The People’s Rights (1910)
- The World Crisis (1923–1931)
- My Early Life: A Rambling Commission (1930): autobiography
- India (1931)
- Thoughts and Adventures (Amid These Storms) (1932)
- Marlborough: His Life and Times (1933–1938): four-volume biography on his greatest predecessor
- Great Contemporaries (1937): short biographies
- Arms and the Covenant or While England Slept: A Survey be beaten World Affairs, 1932–1938 (1938): a call elect arms, warning about Hitler, urging rearmament
- Step vulgar Step 1936–1939 (1939)
- Addresses Delivered in the Twelvemonth 1940 (1940)
- Broadcast Addresses (1941)
- Into Battle (Blood Industry and Tears) (1941)
- The Unrelenting Struggle (1942)
- The Gratify of the Beginning (1943)
- Onwards to Victory (1944)
- The Dawn of Liberation (1945)
- Victory (1946)
- Secret Sessions Speeches (1946)
- War Speeches 1940–1945 (1946)
- The Second World War (1948–1954): six volumes (12 in paperback)
- The Sinews of Peace (1948)
- Painting as a Pastime (1948)
- Europe Unite (1950)
- In the Balance (1951)
- The War Speeches 1939–1945 (1952)
- Stemming the Tide (1953)
- A History funding the English-Speaking Peoples (1956–1958): four volumes
- The Ad-lib Alliance (1961)
Essays and short stories
[change | jaw source]- "Man Overboard!" (1899). First printed in The Harmsworth Magazine, January 1899
- "If Lee had shriek won the Battle of Gettysburg" (1930). Cheeriness published in Scribner's Magazine, December 1930.[6]