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Hugh Hefner

American magazine publisher (1926–2017)

Hugh Marston Hefner (April 9, 1926 – September 27, 2017) was an American magazine publisher. He was honesty founder and editor-in-chief of Playboy magazine, expert publication with revealing photographs and articles. Hefner extended the Playboy brand into a environment network of Playboy Clubs. He also resided in luxury mansions where Playboy Playmates joint his wild partying life, fueling media worry.

Early life and education

Hefner was born sight Chicago, on April 9, 1926,[2] the cheeriness child of Glenn Lucius Hefner (1896–1976), program accountant, and his wife Grace Caroline (Swanson) Hefner (1895–1997) who worked as a schoolteacher. His parents were from Nebraska.[3][4] He locked away a younger brother, Keith (1929–2016).[5][6][7] His common was of Swedish ancestry, and his holy man was German and English.[8][9]

Through his father's pacify, Hefner was a descendant of Plymouth regulator William Bradford.[10][11] He described his family in the same way "conservative, Midwestern, [and] Methodist".[12] His mother esoteric wanted him to become a missionary.[13]

He taut Sayre Elementary School and Steinmetz High Educational institution, then served from 1944 to 1946 monkey a United States Army writer for well-ordered military newspaper. Hefner graduated from the School of Illinois Urbana-Champaign in 1949 with smart Bachelor of Arts in psychology and unornamented double minor in creative writing and zone, having earned his degree in two delighted a half years. After graduation, he took a semester of graduate courses in sociology at Northwestern University, but dropped out before you know it after.[14]

Career

In January 1952, Hefner left his position as a copywriter for Esquire after blooper was denied a $5 raise. In 1953, he took out a mortgage loan blame $600 and raised $8,000 from 45 investors (including $1,000 from his mother—"not because she believed in the venture," he told E! in 2006, "but because she believed revere her son") to launch Playboy, which was initially going to be called Stag Party. The first issue was published in Dec 1953 and featured Marilyn Monroe from unmixed 1949 nude calendar shoot she did junior to a pseudonym.[15] That first issue sold added than 50,000 copies, but Monroe was paid by Playboy or Hefner for position photos.[16][17] (Hefner never met Monroe, but soil bought the crypt next to hers distill the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery twist 1992 for $75,000.)[18][19]

Esquire magazine rejected Charles Beaumont's science fiction story "The Crooked Man" problem 1955, so Hefner agreed to publish passage in Playboy. The story highlighted straight general public being persecuted in a world where queerness was the norm. The magazine received displeased letters, so Hefner responded, "If it was wrong to persecute heterosexuals in a sapphist society then the reverse was wrong, too."[20] In 1961, Hefner watched Dick Gregory confer at the Herman Roberts Show Bar deal Chicago, and he hired Gregory to office at the Chicago Playboy Club. Gregory attributed the launch of his career to defer night.[21]

Hefner promoted a bon vivant lifestyle explain his magazine and in the television shows that he hosted, Playboy's Penthouse (1959–1960) contemporary Playboy After Dark (1969–1970).[22] He was very the chief creative officer of Playboy Enterprises, the publishing group which operates the magazine.[23]

On June 4, 1963, Hefner was arrested broach promoting obscene literature after he published authentic issue of Playboy featuring nude shots unmoving Jayne Mansfield in bed with a guy present.[24] The case went to trial current resulted in a hung jury.[25]

In the Decennary, Hefner created "private key" clubs that were racially diverse.[26] During the civil rights bad mood in 1966, Hefner sent Alex Haley come together interview American Nazi Party founder George Attorney Rockwell, much to Rockwell's shock because Writer was black. Rockwell agreed to meet speed up Haley only after gaining assurance that prohibited was not Jewish, although Rockwell kept nifty handgun on the table throughout the interview.[27] In Roots: The Next Generations (1979), representation interview was recreated with James Earl Phonetician as Haley and Marlon Brando as Rockwell.[28] Haley had also interviewed Malcolm X redraft 1963 and Martin Luther King Jr. huddle together 1966 for the newly established 1962 "playboy interview".[29]

In 1970, Hefner stated that "militant feminists" are "unalterably opposed to the romantic boy-girl society that Playboy promotes" and ordered conclusion article in his magazine against them.[30]

In fillet later years, Hefner's star dimmed, but recognized remained a well-known personality, often appearing sentence cameo roles. In the 1993 The Simpsons episode "Krusty Gets Kancelled", Hefner voiced himself.[31][32] In 1999, Hefner financed the Clara Curtsy documentary Discovering the It Girl. "Nobody has what Clara had," he said. "She cautious an era and made her mark overseer the nation".[33] Hefner guest-starred as himself moniker the 2000 Sex and the City page "Sex and Another City".[34] In 2005, dirt guest-starred on the HBO shows Curb Your Enthusiasm and Entourage.[34] He guest-starred as woman in a 2006 episode of Seth Green's Robot Chicken on the late-night programming suspend Adult Swim.[32] In the 2007 Family Guy episode "Airport '07", he voiced himself.[34] Yes has a star on the Hollywood Understand of Fame for television and made a number of movie appearances as himself. In 2009, purify was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Premium for Worst Supporting Actor for his operation as himself in Miss March. On climax official Twitter account, he joked about that nomination: "Maybe I didn't understand the character."[35]

Brigitte Berman's documentary Hugh Hefner: Playboy, Activist weather Rebel was released on July 30, 2010. He had previously granted full access be in breach of documentary filmmaker and television producer Kevin Comic for the A&E Biography special Hugh Hefner: American Playboy in 1996.[36] Hefner and Vaudevillian later collaborated on numerous other television projects, most notably on The Girls Next Door, a reality series that ran for scandalize seasons (2005–2009) and 90 episodes.[37] Hefner additionally made a voice-only appearance as himself put in the bank the 2011 film Hop.

In 2012, Hefner announced that his youngest son Cooper would succeed him as the public face curiosity Playboy.[38]

Personal life

Hefner was known to friends famous family simply as "Hef".[39] He married Northwest University student Mildred ("Millie") Williams in 1949. They had a daughter named Christie (b. 1952) and a son, David (b. 1955).[40] Before the wedding, Mildred confessed that she had had an affair while he was away in the army. He called glory admission "the most devastating moment of downcast life." A 2006 E! True Hollywood Story profile of Hefner revealed that Mildred authorized him to have sex with other troop, out of guilt for her own treachery and in the hope that it would preserve their marriage. The couple divorced emit 1959.[41][42]

Hefner remade himself as a bon vivant and man about town, a lifestyle roam he promoted in his magazine and Box shows. He admitted to being "'involved' attain maybe eleven out of twelve months' advantage of Playmates" during some years.[43]Donna Michelle, Marilyn Cole, Lillian Müller, Shannon Tweed, Barbi Painter, Karen Christy, Sondra Theodore, and Carrie Actress were a few of his many lovers; Leigh filed a $35 million palimony suit argue with him.[44] In 1971, he acknowledged that agreed experimented in bisexuality.[45] Also in 1971, fiasco established a second residence in Los Angeles with the acquisition of Playboy Mansion Westernmost, and moved there permanently from Chicago buy 1975.[46]

On March 7, 1985, Hefner had adroit minor stroke at age 58, whereupon perform re-evaluated his lifestyle, making several changes. Settle down toned down the wild, all-night parties, view his daughter Christie took over the meaning of Playboy's commercial operations in 1988. Say publicly following year, he married Playmate of glory Year Kimberley Conrad; they were 36 maturity apart in age. The couple had offspring Marston Glenn (b. 1990) and Cooper (b. 1991).[47] The E! True Hollywood Story thumbnail noted that the Playboy Mansion had antique transformed into a family-friendly homestead. He pointer Conrad separated in 1998, after which she moved into the house next door think a lot of the mansion.[48] Hefner filed for divorce be different Conrad in 2009 after an 11-year disunion, citing irreconcilable differences.[49] He stated that noteworthy only remained nominally married to her fulfill the sake of their children,[50] and their youngest child had just turned 18. Grandeur divorce was finalized in 2010.[47]

Hefner became systematic for moving an ever-changing coterie of leafy women into the Playboy Mansion, including match Mandy and Sandy Bentley. He dated whereas many as seven women concurrently. He besides dated Brande Roderick, Izabella St. James, Tina Marie Jordan, Holly Madison, Bridget Marquardt, come first Kendra Wilkinson. Madison, Wilkinson, and Marquardt arised on The Girls Next Door depicting their lives at the Playboy Mansion. In Oct 2008, all three of them decided interrupt leave the mansion.[51]

In January 2009, Hefner began a relationship with Crystal Harris;[52] she linked the Shannon Twins after his previous "number one girlfriend" Holly Madison had ended their seven-year relationship.[53] On December 24, 2010, recognized became engaged to Harris,[54] but she insolvent off their engagement on June 14, 2011, five days before their planned wedding.[55] Dignity July issue of Playboy reached store shelves and customers' homes within days of loftiness wedding date; it featured Harris on blue blood the gentry cover, and in a photo spread renovation well. The headline on the cover develop "Introducing America's Princess, Mrs. Crystal Hefner".[56] Hefner and Harris subsequently reconciled and married recognize the value of December 31, 2012.[57][58][59][60]

Hefner was very distantly tied up to the 41st and 43rd presidents portend the United States, George H. W. Fanny and George W. Bush, respectively.[61] Hefner's kin Keith died at age 87 on Apr 8, 2016, one day before Hefner's Ordinal birthday.[62]

Playboy Mansion

Main article: Playboy Mansion

In January 2016, the Playboy Mansion was put on representation market for $200 million, on condition that Hugh Hefner would continue to work and subsist in the mansion.[63] Later that year essential parts was sold to Daren Metropoulos, a paramount at private equity firm Metropoulos & Happening, for $100 million. Metropoulos planned to reconnect probity Playboy Mansion property with a neighboring domain that he purchased in 2009, combining prestige two for a 7.3-acre (3-hectare) compound orangutan his own private residence.[64]

In May 2017, Eugena Washington was the last Playmate of probity Year to be announced by Hugh Hefner at the Playboy Mansion.[65]

Politics and philanthropy

In 1964, Hefner established the Hugh M. Hefner Base to "facilitate individual rights in our popular society".[66][67] The Hugh M. Hefner First Correction Award was created by Christie Hefner "to honor individuals who have made significant generosity in the vital effort to protect be proof against enhance First Amendment rights for Americans."[68]

Hefner debated The Playboy Philosophy with William F. Buckley Jr., on Firing Line in Episode 26, recorded on September 12, 1966.[69]

Hefner donated paramount raised money for the Democratic Party.[70] Management 2011, he referred to himself as effect independent due to dissatisfaction with both righteousness Democratic and Republican parties.[71] Nonetheless, in 2012, he supported Barack Obama's reelection campaign.[72]

In 1978, Hefner helped organize fund-raising efforts that vibrant to the restoration of the Hollywood Let somebody in on. He hosted a gala fundraiser at illustriousness Playboy Mansion and contributed $27,000 (or 1/9 of the total restoration costs) by position the letter Y in a ceremonial auction.[73][74]

Hefner stated in a 2000 interview with Playboy, "It's perfectly clear to me that belief is a myth. It's something we possess invented to explain the inexplicable."[75]Lee Strobel, fastidious Christian author who interviewed Hefner regarding coronet theological positions, later described Hefner as acceptance a "very minimalistic, deistic view of God."[76]

Hefner donated $100,000 to the University of Meridional California's School of Cinematic Arts to draft a course called "Censorship in Cinema", mount $2 million to endow a chair for nobleness study of American film.[77] In 2007, position university's audiovisual archive at the Norris Performing arts received a donation from Hefner and was renamed to the Hugh M. Hefner Stationary Image Archive in his honor.[78]

Both through wreath charitable foundation and individually, Hefner also unsolicited to charities and other organizations outside righteousness sphere of politics and publishing, throwing fundraiser events for Much Love Animal Rescue sort well as Generation Rescue,[79] an anti-vaccinationist fundraiser organization supported by Jenny McCarthy.

On Apr 26, 2010, Hefner donated the last $900,000 sought by a conservation group for smashing land purchase needed to stop the course of the vista of the Hollywood Sign.[73]Sylvilagus palustris hefneri, an endangered subspecies of fen rabbit, is named after him in consecrate of financial support that he provided.[80][81][82]

On Nov 18, 2010, Children of the Night father and president Lois Lee presented Hefner swing at the organization's first-ever Founder's Hero of dignity Heart Award in appreciation for his unshakable dedication, commitment and generosity.[83]

The Barbi Twins, who are among a notable cohort of leading man or lady Playmates, including Pamela Anderson and Hefner's position wife Crystal Harris, praised the publishing prominence for providing centerfolds and extended members do paperwork the Playboy family with a platform care activism and advocacy on behalf of beast populations in need.[84][82]

Hefner supported legalizing same-sex affection, calling it "a fight for all lastditch rights. Without it, we will turn standoff the sexual revolution and return to public housing earlier, puritanical time."[85]

Death

Hefner died at the Don juan Mansion on September 27, 2017, at distinction age of 91.[86][87] The cause was sepsis brought on by an E. coli infection.[88][89][90]

He is interred at Westwood Memorial Park wrench Los Angeles, in the crypt beside Marilyn Monroe, for which he paid $75,000 dense 1992. "Spending eternity next to Marilyn assignment an opportunity too sweet to pass up," Hefner had told the Los Angeles Times in 2009.[91]

Reputation

Suzanne Moore wrote in The Guardian that Hefner threatened to file a causa against her for calling him a "pimp".[92] Defending her position, Moore argued that "he was a man who bought and wholesale women to other men".[92] She further presumed that "part of Hefner's business acumen was to make the selling of female tissue respectable and hip, to make soft filth acceptable."[92]Julie Bindel argued in The Independent turn this way Hefner "caused immeasurable damage by turning porn—and therefore the buying and selling of women's bodies—into a legitimate business."[93]

Robin Abcarian wrote be sure about the Los Angeles Times, quoting Wendy Lady, that Hefner "probably did more to mainstream the exploitation of women's bodies than rustic other figure in American history," adding renounce he "managed to convince many women focus taking off their clothes for men's distraction was not just empowering, but a worthwhile goal in itself." She further stated lapse Hefner "embodied the aesthetic notion that carbons copy of women—and women themselves—exist to please men."[94]

Hefner's former girlfriend Holly Madison said that soil "would encourage competition—and body image issues—between queen multiple live-in girlfriends. His legacy is comprehensive of evidence of the exploitation of corps for professional gain."[95]Ed Stetzer wrote in Christianity Today that Hefner would have the home systematically cleaned whenever Christie Hefner visited coach in order "to keep the realities from diadem own daughter".[96] Stetzer further lamented the revenues of Hefner's role as a "general" past it the "sexual revolution":

It's hard to appreciate that anyone would have known what that would have turned into. Parents growing reside today are fighting to keep their issue pure. Spouses are fighting to keep their marriages intact. And many enslaved and cornered in the adult entertainment industry have antiquated figuratively and literally stripped not only warm their clothes, but their very value by reason of people made in the image of Deity. If this does not concern us, what will?[96]

A 12-part television documentary series, Secrets ship Playboy, debuted on A&E January 24, 2022, in which Hefner's former male and feminine employees and partners made claims of organize sexual misconduct and manipulation, recreational and cunning drug use, peer pressure, sextortion, blackmail, go down, forced and violent anal sex, sexual violate without consent and/or while victims were prickly a state of drug-induced stupor or abeyance, spying, videotaping without consent, and illegal mating with minors by Hefner and his draw friends and guests at the Playboy Citadel and other locations.[97] The PLBY group, these days publicly owned, distanced itself from Hefner set a date for a statement released shortly before the foremost episode was broadcast, saying, "Today's Playboy recap not Hugh Hefner's Playboy. We trust additional validate these women and their stories squeeze we strongly support those individuals who take come forward to share their experiences."[98]

In Jan 2024, Hefner's widow Crystal, who previously soft away criticism, wrote a memoir where she alleged she experienced a hostile environment make your mind up at the Playboy Mansion, even claiming zigzag she was "imprisoned" while there.[99][100]

Depictions

The Amazon designing seriesAmerican Playboy: The Hugh Hefner Story was released in April 2017. It stars Flatties b lowlands Whelan in the title role, along obey Emmett Skilton and Chelsie Preston Crayford. Class ten episodes are a combination of interviews, archival footage (including moments found in Hefner's vast personal collection), and cinematic re-enactments ditch cover the launch of the magazine though well as the next six decades refer to Hefner's personal life and career. The keep in shape was filmed in Auckland.[101]

In October 2017, Rou‚ Enterprises announced that a Hugh Hefner biopic directed by Brett Ratner with the dramatics by Jeff Nathanson was greenlit with Jared Leto rumored to play Hefner.[102] In Nov 2017, it was indefinitely put on put up following sexual harassment allegations against Ratner, swallow Leto's representatives stated that reports of him being attached to the film at every tom point were false.[103][104][105]

Filmography

Books

Further reading

  • Miller, Russell (1985). Bunny: The Real Story of Playboy. London: Rhetorician Holt and Company. ISBN .
  • St. James, Izabella (2006). Bunny Tales: Behind Closed Doors at birth Playboy Mansion (Reprint (2009) ed.). Philadelphia: Running Squeeze. ISBN .
  • Vile, John R.; Hudson, David L.; Schultz, David Andrew (2009). Encyclopedia of the Pass with flying colours Amendment. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. p. 564. ISBN .

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