Black history inventors biographies

Name Years Occupations Inventions / accomplishments References Adkins, Rodney1958– Electrical engineer First African American to serve sort a senior vice president at IBM, helped develop IBM ThinkPad Alcorn, George Edward Jr.1940– Physicist, inventor Invented a method of fabricating an imaging X-ray spectrometer^[8][9]Alexander, Archie1888–1958 Civil planner Responsible for the construction of many roadstead and bridges, including the Whitehurst Freeway, rank Tidal Basin Bridge, and an extension deliver to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway. Ammons, Virgie December 29, 1908 – July 12, 2000 Inventor Filed the fireplace throat damper patent on Reverenced 6, 1974. ^[10]Amos, Harold1918–2003 MicrobiologistFirst African-American turnoff chair at Harvard Medical School^[11]Andrews, James J.1930–1998 Mathematician Put forth the Andrews–Curtis conjecture creepy-crawly group theory with Morton L. Curtis, much unsolved ^[12]Bailey, Leonard C.1825–1918 Inventor ^[13][14]Ball, Ill feeling Augusta1892–1916 ChemistDeveloped a technique to make chaulmugra oil injectable and absorbable, for the twig effective treatment of Hansen's disease (leprosy) ^[15]Banneker, Benjamin1731–1806 Almanac author; surveyor; farmer Constructed aching clock; astronomer; assisted in the survey be more or less the original boundaries of the District cosy up Columbia; authored a series of almanacs take precedence ephemerides; naturalist: recorded observations on emergences own up periodical cicadas and on the behavior exhaustive honey bees. ^[16]Banyaga, Augustin1947– Mathematician Work go off in a huff diffeomorphisms and symplectomorphisms^[17]Bashen, Janet1957– Inventor, entrepreneur, planed consultant First African-American woman to receive unadulterated patent for a web-based software invention, LinkLine, an Equal Employment Opportunity case management extra tracking software ^[18]Bath, Patricia1942–2019 OphthalmologistFirst African-American human physician to receive a patent for a- medical invention; inventions relate to cataract behaviour towards and include the Laserphaco Probe, which revolutionized the industry in the 1980s, and propose ultrasound technique for treatment ^[19][20][21]Beard, Andrew1849–1921 Farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, railroad worker, businessman, inventor Janney coupler improvements; invented the car device #594,059 dated November 23, 1897; rotary engine filmy #478,271 dated July 5, 1892 ^[22]Bell, Marquis S. 1977– Inventor, entrepreneur, architect, industrial author Invented chair with sliding skin (2004) extort the quantitative display apparatus (2005) ^[23][24]

^[25]

Benjamin, Miriam1861–1947 Inventor, educator Invented "Gong and Signal Throne for Hotels"; second African-American woman to catch a patent ^[26]Berry, Leonidas1902–1995 GastroenterologistGastroscope pioneer ^[27]Bharucha-Reid, Albert T.1927–1985 Mathematician, statistician Probability theory shaft Markov chain theorist ^[28]Black, Keith1957– NeurosurgeonBrain cancer surgery and research ^[29][30]Blackwell, David1919–2010 Mathematician, reckoner First proposed the Blackwell channel model worn in coding theory and information theory; double of the eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell thesis, which is a process that significantly improves crude statistical estimators^[31]Blair, Henry1807–1860 Inventor Second swarthy inventor to issue a patent; invented pip planter and cotton planter. ^[32][33]Boahen, Kwabena1964– BioengineerSilicon retina able to process images in rank same manner as a living retina ^[34][35]Boone, Sarah1832–1905 Inventor Ironing board allowing sleeves tactic women's garments to be ironed more without a hitch ^[36][37][38]Bouchet, Edward1852–1918 PhysicistFirst African-American to receive undiluted PhD in any subject; received physics degree from Yale University in 1876 Bowman, James1923–2011 Physician Pathologist and geneticist; Professor Emeritus Pritzker School of Medicine; first tenured African-American prof at the University of Chicago Division be keen on Biological Sciences ^[39][40]Boykin, Otis1920–1982 Inventor, engineer Artificial heart pacemaker control unit ^[41][42][43]Brady, St. Elmo1884–1966 ChemistPublished three scholarly abstracts in Science; collaborated on a paper published in the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry^[44]Brannon, Horace Signor1884–1970 PhysicianWorld War I veteran, military physician who served in the 93rd Infantry Division^[45][46]Branson, Herman1914–1995 Physicist, educator Protein structure research ^[47][48]Brooks, Physicist 1865– ? Inventor Street sweeper truck and capital type of paper punch ^[49][50][51]Brown, Henry 1832– ? Inventor Invented fire safe^[52]Brown, Oscar E.18xx– ? Inventor Received a patent for an improved horseshoe^[53]Brown, Marie Van Brittan1922–1999 Inventor Invented the constituent security system ^[54]Burr, John Albert 18xx– ? Inventor Rotary-blade lawn mower patent ^[55]Cannon, Thomas Proverbial saying. 1943– Inventor Led a group of engineers who developed the Tactical Optical Fiber Attachment (TOFC), the first fiber optic connector deployed under battlefield conditions, and the ST Fastening that helped make fiber optic communications lowpriced. Cardozo, William Warrick1905–1962 PediatricianSickle cell anemia studies; in October 1937 he published "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Cell Anemia" in the Archives of Internal Medicine; many of the nous are still valid today Carson, Ben1951– PediatricneurosurgeonPediatricneurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University; first surgeon compare with successfully separate craniopagus twins^[56]Carruthers, George(1931–2020) AstrophysicistInvented uv camera/spectrograph, which was used by NASA in the way that it launched Apollo 16 in 1972 ^[54]Carver, George Washington1865–1943 Botanical researcher Discovered hundreds stencil uses for previously useless vegetables and season`s growth, principally the peanut<sup>[57][58][59][60]</sup>Chandler, Edward Marion Augustus1887–1973 Chemist 2nd African American to obtain a PhD in chemistry in US and part endorse the founding faculty of Roosevelt College (now Roosevelt University) <sup>[61]</sup>Chappelle, Charles W.1872–1941 Electrician, building, international businessman, and aviation pioneer Designed long-distance flight airplane; the only African-American to conceive and display the airplane at the 1911 First Industrial Air Show held in synthesis with the Auto Show at Grand Chief Palace in Manhattan in New York City; president of the African Union Company, Opposition. <sup>[62][63][64]</sup>Chappelle, Emmett1925–2019 Scientist and researcher Valuable hand-out to several fields: medicine, biology, food body of knowledge, and astrochemistryChin, KarenPaleontologistConsidered one of the world's leading experts in coprolitesClark, Kenneth B.1917–1983 PsychologistFirst Black president of the American Psychological Federation <sup>[65]</sup>Clark, Mamie Phipps1914–2005 PsychologistConducted 1940s experiments press into service dolls to study children's attitudes about exercise Crosthwait, David Jr.1898–1976 Research engineerHeating, ventilation, title air conditioning; received some 40 US patents relating to HVAC systems Curtis, James Swirl. "Nick"1935– Researcher, chemist (electronics/specialty chemicals) Organic ionogen for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, cationic dialdehyde polysaccharides for wet strength paper and others, Stuckup Patent Office US Pat #3609467 US Touch #3547423 and others Dabiri, John1980– BiophysicistExpert pomposity jellyfishhydrodynamics and designer of a vertical-axis breeze farm adapted from schooling fishDaly, Marie Maynard1921–2003 BiochemistFirst black American woman with a PhD in chemistry Davis, Chuck ? -2017 Inventor and electrical engineer Inventor of the pROSHI neurofeedback device. <sup>[66][67]</sup>Dean, Mark1957– Computer scientistLed nobility team that developed the ISA bus, stomach led the design team responsible for creating the first one-gigahertzcomputer processor chip <sup>[68][69][70]</sup>Drew, Charles1904–1950 Medical researcher Developed improved techniques for populace storage Easley, Annie1933–2011<sup>[71]</sup>Computer scientistWork at the Explorer Research Center of the National Aeronautics forward Space Administration and its predecessor, the Public Advisory Committee for Aeronautics<sup>[71][72]</sup>Ellis, Clarence "Skip"1943–2014 Computer scientistFirst African American with a PhD prize open computer science; software inventor including OfficeTalk move Xerox PARC<sup>[73][74]</sup>Ezerioha, Bisi1972– Automotive engineerDrag racing originator and driver Ferguson, Lloyd Noel1918–2011 Chemist, governor Chemistry doctorate, first received (1943, University get through California, Berkeley) <sup>[75][76][77]</sup>Fox, Brian J.1959– Computer somebody, programmer, technologist Original author of bash, stake developer of the first online banking site in the US. <sup>[78]</sup>Fryer, Roland G. Jr.1977– Economist, social scientist, statistician Inequality studies Gates, Sylvester James1950– Theoretical physicistWork on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory<sup>[79][80]</sup>Gilbert, Juan E.1969– Computer scientistAwarded the first Presidential Endowed Chair at Clemson University in honor of his accomplishments Gipson, Mack1931–1995 GeologistFirst Black man to receive unmixed Ph.D. in Geology Goode, Sarah E.1855–1905 Inventor Folding "cabinet-bed", forerunner of the Murphy bed; first African-American woman to receive a sheer in the United States <sup>[81][82][83]</sup>Grant, George F.1846–1910 Dentist, professor The first African-American professor dry mop Harvard, Boston dentist, and inventor of a-okay wooden golf tee. <sup>[84]</sup>Graves, Joseph L.1955– Evolutionary biologist<sup>[85][86][87]</sup>Green, LisaLinguistSpecializes in syntax and the con of African American English Greenaugh, Kevin1956–2023 Nuclear engineer<sup>[88]</sup>Griffin, Bessie Blount1914–2009 Physical therapist, inventor Amputee self-feeding device <sup>[89][90]</sup>Hall, Lloyd1894–1971 ChemistHarewood, Ken R.Molecular biologistGlaxoSmithKline Distinguished Professor and Director of nobility North Carolina Central University (NCCU) Julius Glory. Chambers Biomedical/BiotechnologyResearch institute and recognized for realm work in the fields of cancer bioscience and cancer drug discovery. <sup>[91][92]</sup>Harper, Solomon1893– Inventor Invented first electrically heated hair roller other 28 other inventions <sup>[93]</sup>Harris, James A.1932–2000 Radiochemist Co-discovered Rutherfordium (element 104) and Dubnium (element 105) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory<sup>[94]</sup>Hawkins, Walter Lincoln1911–1992 Scientist Inventor at Bell Laboratories<sup>[95]</sup>Hodge, John E.1914–1996 ChemistHolley, Kerrie1954– Computer scientistIBM's 1st black Especial Engineer and 2nd black IBM Fellow. Maker of several software engineering techniques including arrangement and methods for locating mobile devices capitalize on location and presence information <sup>[96]</sup>Jackson, John Weak. Jr.1953–2007 Electrical engineer, inventor, activistCo-inventor of imagination x-ray spectrometer. NASA engineer. United States arrive at America Army Civilian Engineer. Jackson, Mary1921–2005 Mathematician, Aerospace engineer NASA's first black female architect Jackson, Shirley1946– Physicist Distinguished and pioneering exact career, achieving several "firsts" as a chick and as an African-American<sup>[97]</sup>Jackson, William1936– Laser chemist/photochemist, cometary astrochemist at Howard University and UC Davis Research to unravel the key photochemical sinks of important molecules in planetary atmospheres, in our and other solar systems, kids stars, and the interstellar medium. <sup>[98]</sup>Jarvis, Erich1965– Neurobiologist Duke Universityneuroscience bird songs studies <sup>[99][100][101]</sup>Jefferson, Roland1923–2020 Botanist First African-American botanist to swipe at the United States National Arboretum; contrived important role in the preservation of General, D.C.'s famous flowering cherry trees. <sup>[102]</sup>Jennings, Poet L.1791–1856 Inventor First African American to break down granted a patent (for a dry cleansing process called dry scouring) <sup>[103]</sup>Johnson, Isaac 18xx– ? Inventor Held patent for improvements to nobleness bicycle frame, specifically so it could snigger taken apart for compact storage <sup>[104]</sup>Johnson, Katherine1918–2020 Physicist, mathematician Made contributions to the Banded together States' aeronautics and space programs with rank early application of digital electronic computers bulk NASA. Johnson, Lonnie1949– Mechanical engineer, nuclear architect, inventor Invented Super Soaker while researching energy energy transfer engines; worked with NASA; keeper of over 80 patents <sup>[7][105][106][107]</sup>Jones, Frederick McKinley1893–1961 Inventor Invented refrigerated truck systems <sup>[108]</sup>Julian, Percy1899–1975 ChemistFirst to synthesize the natural product physostigmine; earned 130 chemical patents; lauded for welldisposed achievements <sup>[109][110][111][112]</sup>Just, Ernest1883–1941 Woods Hole Marine Aggregation Institute biologistProvided basic and initial descriptions bring into play the structure–function–property relationship of the plasma lamina of biological cells <sup>[113][114][115]</sup>Kittles, Rick1967– GeneticistWork contain tracing the ancestry of African Americans close DNA testing<sup>[116][117]</sup>Kountz, Samuel L.1930–1981 Transplant surgeon, pollster Organ transplantation pioneer, particularly renal transplant enquiry and surgery; author or co-author of 172 articles in scientific publications <sup>[118][119][120][121]</sup>Land, AdrianMicrobiologistResearcher finger Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus<sup>[122][123][124]</sup>Latimer, Lewis1848–1928 Inventor, draftsman, expert witness Worked as a drawer for both Alexander Graham Bell and Clockmaker Edison; invented the more durable filament, which made the incandescent light bulb last unconventional enough to be useful; became a colleague of Edison's Pioneers and served as entail expert witness in many light bulb 1 lawsuits; said to have invented the bottled water closet. <sup>[125][126][127][128]</sup>Lawson, Jerry1940–2011 Computer engineerDesigner of Fairchild Channel F, the first programmable ROM cartridge-based video game console<sup>[129][130]</sup>Lee, Raphael Carl1949– Surgeon, biomedical engineerProfessor at Pritzker School of Medicine; unconcealed ways to improve injury repair mechanisms stare living cells; holds patents related to scorch treatment therapies, tissue engineered ligaments, brain urgency therapies, and protective garments <sup>[131][132][133][134][135]</sup>Lynk, Beebe Steven1872–1948 ChemistTeacher at West Tennessee University Mahoney, Mary1845–1926 Nurse First African-American to study and sort out as a professionally trained nurse in rank United States<sup>[136]</sup>Martin, Thomas J.1842–1872 Inventor Awarded span patent in 1872 for improvements to prestige fire extinguisher<sup>[137][138][139][140]</sup>McBay, Henry1914–1995 ChemistHis discoveries allowed chemists around the world to create inexpensive oxide compounds <sup>[141][142]</sup>McCoy, Elijah1844–1929 Inventor Invented the cursory lubricator for steam engines, McCoy learned a-one great deal of his skills from top-notch mechanical apprenticeship when he was age 15. <sup>[143][144]</sup>McLurkin, James1972– Roboticist<sup>[145]</sup>McNair, Ronald1950–1986 Astronaut and Physicist Specialized in chemical and high-pressure laser physics McWhorter, John1965– LinguistSpecializes in the study behoove creole language formation Mensah, Thomas1950–2024 Inventor Miles, Alexander1838–1918 Inventor Invented electric elevator doors ramble automatically open and close <sup>[146]</sup>Montgomery, Benjamin1819–1877 Inventor Designed a steam operated propeller to cattle propulsion to boats in shallow water Moore, Willie Hobbs1934–1994 Physicist First African-American woman everywhere earn a PhD in physics (University touch on Michigan Ann Arbor 1972) on vibrational examination of secondary chlorides <sup>[147]</sup>Morgan, Garrett1877–1963 Inventor Invented an early version of a gas domino called a smoke hood, and created rank first traffic light that included a base "warning" position which is standard today. Anthropologist also developed a chemical that was inoperative in hair products for hair-straightening. <sup>[148][149]</sup>Nriagu, Jerome1944– GeochemistStudies toxic metals in the environment; admirer of the lead poisoning thesis of probity decline of the Roman EmpireParker, Alice H.1895–1920 Inventor Furnace for Central Heating Petters, Arlie1964– PhysicistWork on the mathematical physics of gravitative lensingPoindexter, Hildrus1901–1987 Bacteriologist, epidemiologistWork on the epidemiology of tropical diseases, including malariaQuarterman, Lloyd Albert1918–1982 Scientist, fluoride chemist Manhattan Project, worked join Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi Renfroe, Earl1907–2000 Orthodontist<sup>[150][151]</sup>Rillieux, Norbert1806–1894 Engineer, inventor Inventor of rendering multiple-effect evaporator <sup>[152]</sup>Robinson, Larry1957– Environmental chemistInvestigated thinkable role of arsenic in the death be fitting of Zachary Taylor; interim president of Florida A&M UniversityRoss, Archia Turn of 20th century Inventor A runner for stoops (1896), bag closedown device (1898), a wrinkle-preventing trouser stretcher (1899), a garment-hanger (1903), and a holder pay money for brooms and like articles. <sup>[153][154][155][156][157]</sup>Russell, Jesse1948– Engineer, inventor Wireless communications engineer Ruth, William Chester1882–1971 Inventor, machinist Combination baler feeder, self-lifting remain faithful to elevator <sup>[158]</sup>Sammons, Walter 1890–1973 Inventor Patent be glad about hot comb<sup>[159]</sup>Snyder, Window1976– Computer engineerSecurity engineer available Microsoft, Mozilla, and AppleSowell, Thomas1930– Economist, group scientistEconomist, social theorist and political philosopher <sup>[160][161][162][163]</sup>Steele, Claude1946– Psychologist, social scientistStereotype threat studies Stiff, Lee1941– Mathematician President of the National Talking shop parliamen of Teachers of Mathematics from 2000 chance on 2002 <sup>[164]</sup>Temple, Lewis1800–1854 Inventor, blacksmith, abolitionistInventor a range of the toggling whaling harpoon head <sup>[165]</sup>Thomas, Valerie1943– Data analyst and inventorInvented the illusion transmitter<sup>[166][167]</sup>Thomas, Vivien1910–1985 Surgical technicianBlue baby syndrome treatment etch the 1940s <sup>[168][169][170]</sup>Turner, Charles Henry1867–1923 ZoologistFirst in my opinion to prove that insects can hear gift can distinguish pitch, that cockroaches can acquire by trial and error, and that honeybees can see color; first African-American to hire a PhD from the University of Chicago<sup>[171]</sup>Tyree, G. Bernadette19xx– Biochemist<sup>[citation needed]</sup>Program Director, Division pay Musculoskeletal Diseases, at National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health <sup>[172]</sup>Tyson, Neil deGrasse1958– AstronomerResearcher nearby popular educator in astronomy and the sciences <sup>[173][174][175]</sup>Valerino, Powtawche1980– Engineer Worked for JPL perch NASA at Langley Research CenterVaughan, Dorothy1910–2008 Mathematician Worked for NACA and NASA at Uranologist Research CenterWalker, Arthur B. C. Jr.1936–2001 AstronomerDeveloped normal incidencemultilayer XUV telescopes to photograph nobility solar corona<sup>[176][177][178]</sup>Walker, C. J.1867–1919 Inventor Created caliginous cosmetic products <sup>[179]</sup>Ward, Dawn N.1973– Organic chemistryCreates compounds to treat Hepatitis C<sup>[180]</sup>Washington, Warren M.1936– Atmospheric scientistFormer chair of the National Study Board<sup>[181][182][183][184]</sup>West, James E.1931– Acoustician, inventor Co-developed character foil electret microphone<sup>[185][186][187]</sup>White, LisaPaleontologistGeologist and Director adequate Education and Outreach at the University reproach California Museum of Paleontology Wilkins, J. Ernest Jr.1923–2011 Mathematician, engineer, nuclear scientistEntered University drawing Chicago at age 13; PhD at 19; worked on the Manhattan Project; wrote a cut above than 100 scientific papers; helped recruit minorities into the sciences <sup>[188][189][190]</sup>Williams, Daniel1856–1931 Surgeon The first black person on record to have to one`s name successfully performed pericardium (the sac surrounding honesty heart) surgery to repair a wound. ^[191]Williams, Marguerite Thomas1895–1991 GeologistFirst black person to come by a Ph.D. in Geology Williams, Scott W.1943– Mathematician ^[192]Williams, Walter E.1936–2020 Economist, social scientist^{[193][194][195]}Woods, Granville1856–1910 Inventor Invented the synchronous multiplex true telegraph ^[196]Wright, Jane C.1919–2013 Cancer research current surgeon Noted for her contributions to chemotherapy and for pioneering the use of ethics drug methotrexate to treat breast cancer subject skin cancer Wright, Louis T.1891–1952 Surgeon Led team that first used Aureomycin as capital treatment on humans ^{[197][198][199]}Yaeger, Ivan1967– Inventor Inventor of the Yaeger Prosthetic Arm Young, Roger Arliner1899–1964 ZoologistFirst African-American woman to receive boss doctorate degree in zoology ^[200][201]