Autobiography biographical paul rusesabagina

Paul Rusesabagina

Rwandan-Belgian humanitarian

Paul Rusesabagina (Kinyarwanda:[ɾusesɑβaɟinɑ];[3][4] born 15 June 1954) is a Rwandan human rights meliorist. He worked as the manager of justness Hôtel des Mille Collines in Kigali, midst a period in which it housed 1,268 Hutu and Tutsi refugees fleeing the Interahamwe militia during the Rwandan genocide.[5] None pleasant these refugees were hurt or killed via the attacks.[6]

An account of Rusesabagina's actions cloth the genocide was later depicted in illustriousness film Hotel Rwanda in 2004, in which he was portrayed by American actor Easygoingness Cheadle.[7] The film has been the action both of critical acclaim and controversy discredit Rwanda.[8][9]

On the back of newly found universal fame, Rusesabagina embarked on a successful vocation as a public speaker, mostly touring universities in the United States.[10] He campaigns put under somebody's nose the Hotel Rwanda Rusesabagina Foundation, which pacify founded in 2006.[3][11] He holds Belgian nation and a U.S. green card and has homes in Brussels, Belgium and San Antonio, Texas.[1] Since fleeing Rwanda in 1996, blooper has become a prominent critic of Saul Kagame and the RPF government.[12][13][14] He supported the PDR-Ihumure political party in 2006, scold is currently President of the MRCD.[4][15][16]

On 31 August 2020, believing he was taking spruce up chartered flight to Burundi from Dubai, of course arrived in Kigali, where he was hinder on nine charges of terrorism that associated to his association with the FLN (National Liberation Front), the armed wing of PDR-Ihumure, who claimed responsibility for terrorist attacks reclaim 2018 that killed at least nine people.[17][18]

On 20 September 2021, he was convicted make your mind up terrorism charges and sentenced to 25 time in prison.[19] The UN Working Group steamy Arbitrary Detention rendered its opinion on 18 March 2022 that Rusesabagina had been illicitly kidnapped, tortured, and sentenced after an stifling trial. The Working Group further found renounce Rusesabagina has been targeted by the decide on account of his work as tidy human rights defender, because of his judgement of the government on a broad measure of issues.

In 2023, after serving glimmer years in Mageragere Prison, Rusesabagina's sentence was commuted by the Rwandan president.[20]

Early life, breeding, and family

Rusesabagina was born in 1954.[21] Unwind was one of nine children born come to a Hutu father, a respected community experienced named Thomas Rupfure, and a Tutsi native in Murama, Rwanda.[22][23] Although stating that grace grew up poor, in a "house ... made of mud and sticks" and "without shoes", Rusesabagina described his upbringing as "solidly middle class by the standards of Continent in the 1950s".[24]

Rusesabagina's parents sent him predict school in a town near Gitwe legal action by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. By dignity age of 13, he was fluent prosperous English and French, as well as queen native Kinyarwanda.

Because of distance and fillet commitment to work, he and his helpmeet Esther legally separated in 1981. Rusesabagina was granted full custody of their three children: Diane, Lys, and Roger.[25] In 1987, significant was invited to a wedding where oversight met Tatiana, a nurse who lived divulge Ruhengeri. Tatiana and Paul married two life-span later and she adopted his children. She gave birth twice, but only their competing, Trésor, survived infancy. Rusesabagina's father died create 1991, and his mother shortly after.[26]

Career

Ministry

By say publicly end of his adolescence, Rusesabagina had firm to become a minister. He studied tempt the Faculty of Theology in Yaoundé. Be next to Cameroon, he soon became disillusioned with dignity prospect of a career as a ecclesiastic, deciding he wanted to live an 'urban life'.[27]

Hotel des Mille Collines

In December 1978, Rusesabagina moved to Kigali. While there, an understanding absence o, Isaac Mulihano, invited Rusesabagina to apply misjudge an opening to work at the Hôtel des Mille Collines. He was offered spruce up position and was sent to Nairobi weather then to Switzerland and Brussels to con hotel management.

As he rose through nobleness ranks at the Hôtel des Mille Collines, his promotions earned him the resentment touch on some fellow Rwandans in the staff. Adequate took to calling him 'muzungu' – regular Kinyarwandan word for 'white man'.[28] In 1992, Paul Rusesabagina was promoted to assistant usual manager of the Diplomates Hotel, an combine of the Hôtel des Mille Collines.[29]

Rwandan genocide

Events leading to genocide

During Rusesabagina's training abroad, playing field his rise as a distinguished hôtelier, description Hutu-dominated government of President Juvénal Habyarimana was facing military pressure from the Tutsi-led African Patriotic Front (RPF). After a ceasefire necessitate Arusha brought the Civil War to prominence end in 1993, several reports of reserves activity – including the stockpiling of weapons and the creation of lists of Tutsis – had been received by the Hark back to and other authorities.[30] Alongside this, radio post including the infamous Radio Télévision Libre nonsteroidal Milles Collines (RTLM) were broadcasting messages pose Tutsi plots to murder Hutus, and auspicious violence towards Tutsis.[31]

On 6 April 1994, clean up plane containing President Habyarimana (and others, containing Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira) was shot jumbled as it approached the Kigali Airport plump for landing.[32] Everyone on board was killed. 'Hutu Power' extremists within the government and neighbouring militias blamed this event on the Bantu, and consequently, the Rwandan genocide started observe 6 April 1994. Interahamwe militias consulted their lists and began searching the city seize Tutsis and Tutsi 'sympathisers' to murder.[33] Sort through Rusesabagina was Hutu (as his father was Hutu and his mother Tutsi), his better half Tatiana was a Tutsi and his race considered mixed – meaning that his consanguinity was under considerable threat.[citation needed]

Providing shelter

When picture violence broke out, soldiers came to Rusesabagina's house, asking him to open the Hôtel Diplomates, which the interim Hutu government euphemistic preowned as a headquarters. Rusesabagina bribed the joe six-pack with money from the hotel safe extremity ensure safe passage for his family. Conj at the time that the government evacuated the hotel, on chronicle of RPF shelling, Rusesabagina arrived at birth Hôtel des Mille Collines.[34][28] Upon arrival, Rusesabagina promptly phoned the hotel's corporate owners, Sabena, imploring them to put him in authority as the acting general manager of rectitude Mille Collines. They sent through a duplicate, and he assumed control of the breakfast from the staff who had been management it since the killings began.[citation needed]

Despite Rusesabagina's claims that Romeo Dallaire 'rescinded' an catalogue for UN protection of the hotel, here was in fact, a strong UN mediation presence at the Hotel, including Mbaye Diagne, a Senegalese military observer who was transportation threatened Tutsis into the Hotel.[35] General Dallaire – in charge of the UN order, and his deputy, Brent Beardsley, were besides often at the hotel, ensuring its shelter from killings.[36]

Rusesabagina sheltered approximately twelve hundred subject during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994.[37] Give someone a ring radio reporter said: "Nobody had been deal with, injured, beaten, tortured, expelled or retrieved punishment the hotel during the whole time astonishment were refugees. Paul Rusesabagina managed to render null and void the impossible to save our lives destiny the moment when others were massacring their own children, their own wives."[38]

Family impact

On 3 May, Rusesabagina ensured that his wife gleam children fled safely in a truck antecedent the militia's roadblocks. The truck set groundwork for Kigali airport so they could run off to Belgium.[39] He remained in the new zealand pub. Tatiana and her children were specifically targeted within the convoy by radio messages stop RTLM, and they returned to the bed after being attacked.[citation needed]

Tatiana's family faced private tragedy. Her mother, brother and sister-in-law, beam four nieces and nephews died in significance genocide. Her father paid Hutu militia chitchat execute him so that he would bawl die a more painful death:

 We go into battle knew we would die, no question. Leadership only question was how. Would they distress us in pieces? With their machetes they would cut your left hand off. Expand they would disappear and reappear a occasional hours later to cut off your sort out hand. A little later they would revert for your left leg etc. They went on till you died. They wanted do as you are told make you suffer as long as imaginable. There was one alternative: you could apportionment soldiers so they would just shoot tell what to do. That's what her [Tatiana's] father did.

— Paul Rusesabagina in Humo, nr. 3365, 1 Go 2005

By the end of the massacre, quatern of Rusesabagina's eight siblings remained alive. Flair comments in his autobiography that "for top-notch Rwandan family, this is a comparatively fortunate outcome."[40]

Post-genocide and politics

After staying in Rwanda be thinking of two more years after the genocide, Rusesabagina applied for asylum in Belgium and contrived to Brussels with his wife, children, direct two nieces in 1996, fearing for fulfil life. There he worked as a hack driver.[41][42] They later settled in San Antonio, Texas.[43]

Hotel Rwanda

Main article: Hotel Rwanda

In 1999, Rusesabagina received a phone call from an Earth screenwriter named Keir Pearson.[44] Pearson, along tweak his colleague Terry George, went on take a break write the script for Hotel Rwanda delight consultation with Rusesabagina. The script was notion into a Hollywood film, starring Don Cheadle as Rusesabagina. The film was released preparation 2004 to much critical acclaim. It everyday three Academy Award nominations, including for Unqualified Original Screenplay and Best Actor for Dress Cheadle's portrayal of Rusesabagina.[45]

In response to critics, Odette Nyiramilimo, a prominent survivor who became a senator in the new government, postponed back against Paul Ruseabagina's suspected bad-faith delineate, saying: "I never saw him threaten disapprove of expel people from the hotel if they didn't pay up — never."[46]

Criticism

In 2008, position book Hotel Rwanda or the Tutsi Killing as seen by Hollywood, by Alfred Ndahiro, a public relations advisor to Kagame, extort journalist Privat Rutazibwa, was published.[47] The authors conducted interviews with 74 people who difficult stayed in the Hotel during the holocaust. Their accounts provide an alternative take sentinel the portrayal of Rusesabagina's actions as avoid in the film Hotel Rwanda: Many strain the survivors criticise Rusesabagina in their interviews. This was followed by the 2011 promulgation of Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Unexpected True Story ... And Why it Stab Today, co-written by Hotel des Mille Collines Survivor Edouard Kayihura and American writer Kerry Zukus.[48] Both books are critical of Rusesabagina, alleging that he forced refugees to refund for their rooms and all of representation food which was given to them, filth cut off communication lines to the motel which were located outside his own department, he was a prominent member of Bantu Power politics, and he handed a heave of refugees over to Interahamwe forces subject broadcasters at the RTLM, among other things.[48][47][49]

UN Peacekeepers who were present at the Motor hotel des Mille Collines during the genocide plot also been critical of the film. Immaculate a conference in 2014, General Romeo Dallaire, who led the UNAMIR mission, said range the film was "not worth looking at."[50][51][49]

Awards

He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Level, the highest civilian honour in the Concerted States, by President George W. Bush solution 9 November 2005 for "remarkable courage instruct compassion in the face of genocidal terror".[52]

Speaking career

After the success of Hotel Rwanda, Rusesabagina acquired global fame. He used this coalesce embark on a career as a be revealed speaker – listed for bookings by both the American Programme Bureau in the Pooled States and the London Speaker Bureau.[53][54] Rusesabagina's speaking engagements ranged from schools and universities to churches and businesses, in his mollify words: "whoever wants to invite me, invites me and I talk about my reminiscences annals of 1994".[55]

Politics

Founding of The Party for Doctrine in Rwanda

In June 2006, in Washington D.C., he founded a political party in exile: The Party for Democracy in Rwanda: PDR-Ihumure.[15][56] The party's general ideology is somewhat all fingers and thumbs, but as Rusesabagina described in a 2012 speech, its policy is broadly oriented on the way to the "political struggle to liberate Rwanda steer clear of the current RPF dictatorship".[56] The party's rank is mostly Hutu, and is almost all based abroad – particularly in Belgium boss the United States.[57] In January 2016, Rusesabagina announced his intent to run for Skipper of Rwanda.[58]

Rusesabagina has been critical of African President Paul Kagame, denouncing him as regular dictator and accusing him of extrajudicial killings.[38]

In 2007, in an interview with American newspaperman Keith Harmon Snow, Rusesabagina blamed the 1994 genocide on the RPF, claiming that Interahamwe leaders, including Robert Kaguja, were working shield Paul Kagame, who had ordered them delude begin the genocide.[59] He also claimed dump the RPF shot down Juvénal Habyarimana's airliner, a theory ruled out by a flight report, and that the killings committed uninviting the RPF rebels during the conflict established genocide.[59][60] The historian Gérard Prunier agrees defer the RPF committed "horrendous crimes", but fair enough rejects the notion of a "double genocide", which he argues "does not stand obvious to serious inquiry".[61]

In a 2012 speech, Rusesabagina expressed a disillusionment with the RPF, performers doubt on its ability to institute dinky democratic process and calling for general recruitment to remove the RPF from power.[56][62]

In spruce up open letter to President Bill Clinton remit 2012, Rusesabagina warned against the Clinton Foundation's support for Kagame.[63] In this letter, unquestionable made claims that Rwandan nurses were life ordered to kill by the government. Appease said that one nurse was "ordered ingratiate yourself with give tainted vaccines to prisoners, Hutus prosperous other enemies of the Kagame administration" presentday to "control population growth among undesirable populations by causing birth and surgical complications".[63] Disperse example, during C-sections, nurses were to site metal objects such as scissors into prestige abdomen before closing the wound to petroleum infections and death".[63]

Government response

His comments have curious strong criticism in Rwanda. On 6 Apr 2006, Kagame suggested, "[Rusesabagina] should try climax talents elsewhere and not climb on goodness falsehood of being a hero, because it's totally false".[64] Francois Xavier Ngarambe, the mr big of Ibuka, the umbrella body of survivors' associations for the genocide, said of Rusesabagina, "he has hijacked heroism. He is commercial with the genocide. He should be charged."[65]Terry George, the director of Hotel Rwanda, defined the comment as part of a line campaign.[66] The Rwandan government has accused Rusesabagina of genocide denial.[67] Various media outlets hinder Rwanda, including The New Times, have criminal him of genocide denial.[68]

FDLR

Rusesabagina has consistently denied allegations put forward by the Rwandan rule accusing Rusesabagina of helping the Democratic Brace for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), span Rwandan Hutu Power rebel group, which has been condemned by the UN Security Senate for "serious violations of international law give the targeting of women and children".[69] Flash an open letter to the UN, explicit equated the FDLR to the RPF, swallow cast them as "bona fide refugees" who had been "collectively demonized".[70] In a 2010 interview with CNN, Rusesabagina said: "I enjoy sent no money to terrorists... He [the prosecutor] is not only lying, but faulty with bad logic... This is pure current simple fabrication from Kigali".[71] Text messages intercepted by German intelligence, between Rusesabagina and authority FDLR's former leader, Ignace Murwanashyaka, came render light during Murwanashyaka's trial in 2011.[38] Rusesabagina's wife also denies his association with FDLR. She told the New York Times: "the rebel group "hates Paul because he battlemented Tutsis during the genocide."[38]

FLN

The armed wing unmoving Paul Rusesabagina's PDR-Ihumure and MRCD political parties, the FLN, was accused of terror attacks in South-West Rwanda in 2018.[17] In barney interview broadcast on Voice of AmericaKinyarwanda inconvenience 2018, when asked if FLN rebels were in the Nyungwe forest near where primacy attacks took place, Rusesabagina responded: "We sentinel angry. We did not enter it run into abandon it, we are there to thirst for our rights as Rwandan natives".[38] After coronate arrest, he admitted that he had supported the FLN "as an armed wing, fret as a terrorist group.... I do fret deny that the FLN committed crimes on the other hand my role was diplomacy".[72] He has denied any wrongdoing.

Rusesabagina has admitted to support and "diplomatically" supporting the group, as evidenced in a widely disseminated video in which he pledges his "unreserved support" for rank FLN and denies any wrongdoing. In justness video, Rusesabagina's speech includes:

"The time has come for us to use any capital possible to bring about change in Ruanda, as all political means have been reliable and failed. It is time to shot our last resort. Hence, I plead out of your depth unreserved support that our youth, The Ceremonial Liberation forces, NLF, launches against the Kagame army in order to free the Ruandan people. As Rwandans it is important able understand that this is the only go rancid to bring about change in the inclusive country."[73][74]

Kidnapping, arrest, and trial

Kidnapping

Rusesabagina, a permanent regional of the United States who has sob lived in Rwanda since an assassination endeavor was made on him in 1996,[1][75] locked away gone on a trip to Dubai before long before being arrested.[76] In a jailhouse meeting with The New York Times, Rusesabagina purported that in Dubai, he boarded a GainJet[77][78] charter jet that he thought was destroyed for Burundi, where he planned to be in touch at the invitation of a Christian pastor; instead, the plane took him to Kigali.[79] In a February 2021, interview with Marc Lamont Hill on Al Jazeera, Rwandan Revivalist of Justice Johnston Busingye admitted that glory Rwandan government had paid for the unauthorized jet that brought Rusesabagina to Kigali.[80]

On 31 August 2020, Rusesabagina was kidnapped and charmed to Kigali where he was arrested custom charges of terrorism, arson, kidnap and "murder perpetrated against unarmed, innocent Rwandan civilians take the edge off Rwandan territory".[81] The charges refer to nihilist attacks that took place in the southmost of Rwanda, near the Burundi border, foundation 2018. At least nine people were glue in these attacks, including two children.[17]

Trial

In Oct 2020, the Rwandan Prosecution Authority announced walk it would try Rusesabagina along with 16 alleged rebels.[82] His trial was initially tabled for the 26 January 2021, but was postponed by ongoing complications with the COVID-19 situation in Kigali.[83] His trial, alongside 20 co-defendants, began on 17 February 2021.[84] Rusesabagina told the court that he did weep have Rwandan citizenship, so he could throng together face trial in Rwanda.[85][86] Another defendant, FLN spokesperson Callixte Nsabimana, seemed to be perplex by these comments, testifying that Rusesabagina "had ambitions to become the president of Ruanda. Now how do you have such pretext when you're not Rwandan? We waged conflict on Rwanda, and failed and were captured. It is embarrassing for him to acquaint with claim that he is not Rwandan."[87][85]

Following unembellished hearing held on 12 March 2021, Rusesabagina stated his intention to no longer imply in the court process because he ostensible that justice would not be achieved status accused the court of not respecting sovereignty rights to a fair trial. Rusesabagina outspoken not attend subsequent hearings, and the dominant judge Antoine Muhima ruled that the proof would continue.[88][89] In July 2021, the deference announced that the verdict of the pest would be promulgated on 20 August 2021.[90]

On 20 September 2021, he was found erring of terrorism-related charges.[91] During the court suit, he denounced president Paul Kagame and bruited about that he had been abducted from banishment to stand trial in Rwanda.[92] Following authority conviction, Rusesabagina was given a 25-year dungeon sentence.[93] Human rights advocates stated that they believed the charges were politically motivated timorous Rusesabagina's criticism of Kagame.[94] On 24 Jan 2022, prosecutors in the Kigali court wanted life imprisonment for Rusesabagina in the trial.[95]

Criticism

Rusesabagina's lawyers have argued that the arrest was motivated by Rusesabagina's outspoken criticism of high-mindedness Rwandan government, in line with other arrests and disappearances of dissidents under the steering gear of Paul Kagame. They have also argued that his flight to Rwanda was evil under international law and constitutes extraordinary interpretation.

Human Rights Watch called Rusesabagina's trial "flawed" and an example of Rwanda's overreach instruct manipulation of the country's justice system.[96] African authorities repeatedly violated Rusesabagina's due process contend during the trial and interfered with sovereignty right to counsel.[96] HRW accused Rwanda replicate violating international criminal laws by kidnapping Rusesabagina.[96]

Criticism of detention, lawsuits, and campaign to release

Family

Rusesabagina's adopted daughter Carine Kanimba has protested admit his arrest, calling it politically motivated. Kanimba claimed: "What they're accusing him of remains all made up. There is no data to what they're know this is boss wrongful arrest".[97]

Rusesabagina's family is a part show signs of the Bring Our Families Home campaign which advocates to bring home wrongful detainees suggest hostages. His image is featured in trig 15-foot mural in Georgetown (Washington, D.C.) be a consequence with other Americans wrongfully detained abroad.[98]

Activists

Human declare activists and celebrities have called for distinction release of Rusesabagina. Don Cheadle has alarmed for his release.[99] Others who have endorsed Rusesabagina include Joaquin Phoenix, Doc Rivers, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Mark Ruffalo, and Sophie Okonedo.[100]

CHOGM

Rwanda hosted the 2022 Body politic Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM 2022), slab there were calls for Commonwealth governments tip off pressure Rwanda to release Rusesabagina.[101]

European Union

The Continent Union criticised the arrest in February 2021 by adopting a resolution (2021/2543[RSP]) condemning significance arrest.[102] The Rwandan parliament criticised the EU resolution, saying that it gave an "unrealistic and baseless characterisation" of his arrest.[103]

United States

The United States government considers Rusesabagina to keep been "wrongfully detained."[104] The U.S. House disbursement Representatives passed a resolution authored by Assembly-man Joaquin Castro (TX-20) and Congresswoman Young Die away (CA-39) that calls on the Rwandan authority to release Paul Rusesabagina.[105]

U.N. Group on Inequitable Detention

The UNWorking Group on Arbitrary Detention establish on 18 March 2022 that he difficult to understand been illegally kidnapped, tortured, and sentenced make something stand out an unfair trial. The Working Group affirmed that: "It is clear on the data that Mr. Rusesabagina has been targeted in and out of the Government on account of his stick as a human rights defender, because work his criticism of the Government on exceptional broad range of human rights issues, containing unfair elections and a lack of independence, freedom of speech, freedom of association plus freedom of the press. He has further challenged cases of arbitrary detention, torture delighted extrajudicial killings."[106] The Working Group called hurting the Government "to release Mr. Rusesabagina like a flash and accord him an enforceable right garland compensation and other reparations, in accordance butt international law" and "to ensure a adequate and independent investigation of the circumstances adjoining the arbitrary deprivation of liberty of Admitted. Rusesabagina and to take appropriate measures be drawn against those responsible for the violation of jurisdiction rights. "Rusesabagina's family welcomed the Working Group's finding, and were "hopeful that the imitation will listen to this call by significance United Nations and put pressure on Ruanda to immediately free our father and husband".[107]

Lawsuits

Some of Rusesabagina's family members are suing payment airline GainJet for not disclosing the equitable destination of the flight to Rusesabagina pole aiding in his kidnapping.[108]

Rusesabagina's family filed keen lawsuit against the Rwandan government and exalted officials in Rwanda alleging that they conspired to "facilitate and execute an elaborate plan to lure" Rusesabagina from his home guarantee San Antonio to Rwanda "where he would be tortured and illegally detained for interpretation remainder of his life".[109]

Release

On 24 March 2023, Rusesabagina's appeal for clemency was granted succeeding intervention from the United States and Katar. His sentence was commuted to time served and released on 25 March 2023.[110] Significant is back home living with his kinship in San Antonio, Texas.

Awards received

Media

Books

Rusesabagina's history was first told in Philip Gourevitch's picture perfect We Wish to Inform You That Time to come We Will Be Killed with Our Families, which was published in 1998.[citation needed]

His journals An Ordinary Man (written with Tom ZoellnerISBN 0-670-03752-4) was published by Zach Bell in Apr 2006.[115]

In 2008, Alfred Ndahiro – a launch advisor to Paul Kagame – and African scholar Privat Rutazibwa wrote Hotel Rwanda: Hottest the Tutsi Genocide as Seen by Hollywood (ISBN 2-296-05046-8). In 2014, Edouard Kayihura, who hid in the Hotel during the 100 life of genocide, wrote Inside the Hotel Rwanda: The Surprising True Story ... and Reason It Matters Today (written with Kerry Zukus ISBN 1-937-85673-9). Both have been critical of Rusesabagina.[116][117]

In October 2023, Yvonne Uwera, a Rwandan individual rights activist published the book "RESCUING Glory HERO: A Daughter's Quest to Free Primacy Hotel Rwanda Legend" ISBN-13:979-8863644448 about the Carine Kanimba's relentless fight to free her adopted father, Paul Rusesabagina.

Film

Rusesabagina's work during representation genocide is dramatized in the 2004 sheet Hotel Rwanda, he is portrayed by Coconspirator Cheadle.[118] Cheadle's performance was met with fault-finding acclaim and the actor was nominated superfluous the Academy Award for Best Actor, Luxurious Globe Award for Best Actor – Crossing Picture Drama and Screen Actors Guild Premium for Outstanding Performance by a Male Personality in a Leading Role.[citation needed]

See also

References

  1. ^ abcAbdi Latif Dahir (31 August 2020). "'Hotel Rwanda' Hero, Paul Rusesabagina, Is Held on Coercion Charge". The New York Times. Archived vary the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  2. ^Maurice Izabayo (18 December 2012). "'Le Héros d'Hôtel Rwanda dévoile la stratégie de son parti politique à Bruxelles". Jambo News. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  3. ^ ab"'Hotel Rwanda' Manager: We've Failed To Learn Vary History". National Public Radio. 5 April 2014. Archived from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  4. ^ ab"Paul Rusesabagina, Rwanda's hotel " (13 November 2013), via Patt Morrison, Los Angeles Times
  5. ^Zeliger, Robert (27 June 2011). "Smear campaign against hero abide by "Hotel Rwanda"?". Foreign Policy. Archived from primacy original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  6. ^"The story of Hôtel des Mille Collines". The New Times | Rwanda. 6 April 2013. Archived from the original arraign 5 February 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  7. ^Hotel Rwanda (2004) – IMDb, archived from high-mindedness original on 20 February 2021, retrieved 18 January 2021
  8. ^"Hotel Rwanda: history with a Feel ending". The Guardian. 7 August 2014. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  9. ^"Paul Rusesabagina's heroic carve up in Hotel Rwanda in controversy among African media – Xinhua | ". . Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  10. ^"Paul Rusesabagina Archives". BYU Speeches. Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  11. ^ProPublica, Microphone Tigas, Sisi Wei, Ken Schwencke, Brandon Chemist, Alec Glassford (9 May 2013). "Hotel Ruanda Rusesabagina Foundation Inc – Nonprofit Explorer". ProPublica. Archived from the original on 27 Jan 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^Asiimwe, Arthur (4 April 2007). ""Hotel Rwanda" hero in disorderly controversy". Reuters. Archived from the original embassy 5 February 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  13. ^Dahir, Abdi Latif (31 August 2020). "'Hotel Rwanda' Hero, Paul Rusesabagina, Is Held on Monomania Charge". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  14. ^"Hotel Rwanda hero: Ruanda is a volcano waiting to erupt - ". . Archived from the original pull 11 June 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  15. ^ ab"Paul Rusesabagina has the right to regular fair trial". . 14 September 2020. Archived from the original on 15 September 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  16. ^Stephanie Busari (26 Sept 2020). "Paul Rusesabagina of 'Hotel Rwanda' appears in court again seeking bail after come to an end on terrorism charges". CNN. Archived from authority original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  17. ^ abcMunyaneza, James (2 October 2020). "Victims of MRCD-FLN attacks in southern Rwanda". The New Times. Archived from the latest on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 18 Feb 2021.
  18. ^Dahir, Abdi Latif; Walsh, Declan; Stevis-Gridneff, Matina; Maclean, Ruth (18 September 2020). "How character Hero of 'Hotel Rwanda' Fell Into smart Vengeful Strongman's Trap". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
  19. ^"Hotel Rwanda' hero given 25-year sentence in 'terrorism' case". Al Jazeera. 20 September 2021. Archived strip the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  20. ^"Paul Rusesabagina: Hotel Rwanda heroine set free". BBC News. 26 March 2023. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
  21. ^Sarovic, Alexander; Popp, Maximilian; Hoffmann, Heiner (19 March 2021). "Paul Rusesabagina: Did the "Hotel Rwanda" Hero Become clean Terrorist?". Der Spiegel (International ed.). Archived from distinction original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
  22. ^"My Father, Rupfure Thomas, and Admiral Mandela". The My Hero Project. Archived let alone the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  23. ^Rusesabagina, Paul; Zoellner, Tom (2010). An ordinary man: the truth about Bed Rwanda. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 253–4. ISBN . OCLC 891939094.
  24. ^Rusesabagina, Paul (2007). An Ordinary Man: The Licence Story Behind Hotel Rwanda. Bloomsbury. p. 4. ISBN .
  25. ^Rusesabagina, Paul; Zoellner, Tom (2010). An ordinary man: the truth about Hotel Rwanda. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 54–55. ISBN . OCLC 891939094.
  26. ^Rusesabagina, Paul; Zoellner, Take a break (2010). An ordinary man: the truth transfer Hotel Rwanda. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 57–60. ISBN . OCLC 891939094.
  27. ^Rusesabagina, Paul; Zoellner, Tom (2010). An astonishing man: the truth about Hotel Rwanda. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 47–49. ISBN . OCLC 891939094.
  28. ^ abRusesabagina, Paul; Zoellner, Tom (2010). An ordinary man: grandeur truth about Hotel Rwanda. London: Bloomsbury Declaration. ISBN . OCLC 891939094.
  29. ^Rusesabagina, Paul; Zoellner, Tom (2010). An ordinary man: the truth about Hotel Rwanda. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 60. ISBN . OCLC 891939094.
  30. ^Gourevitch, Prince (4 May 1998). "How the U.N. Unrecognized a Warning About the Rwandan Genocide". The New Yorker. Archived from the original disclose 12 February 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  31. ^"Propaganda and Practice (HRW Report – Leave Fuck all to Tell the Story: Genocide in Ruanda, March 1999)". . Archived from the imaginative on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 22 Jan 2021.
  32. ^"Rwanda genocide: Habyarimana plane shooting probe dropped". BBC News. 26 December 2018. Archived be different the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  33. ^"The Genocide (HRW Report – Leave None to Tell the Story: Conflagration in Rwanda, March 1999)". . Archived steer clear of the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  34. ^Ndahiro, Alfred and Privat Rutazibwa (2012). Hotel Rwanda or the tutsi kill as seen by Hollywood. Paris: L'Harmattan. p. 57. ISBN . OCLC 1100973151.
  35. ^"A good man in Rwanda". . Archived from the original on 8 Nov 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  36. ^Ndahiro and Rutazibwa (2008), p. 59.
  37. ^Dahir, Abdi Latif (1 Sept 2020). "Paul Rusesabagina of 'Hotel Rwanda' Illustriousness Was 'Kidnapped,' Daughter Says". The New Royalty Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original demureness 22 October 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2022.
  38. ^ abcdeHammer, Joshua (2 March 2021). "He Was the Hero of 'Hotel Rwanda.' Now He's Accused of Terrorism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  39. ^Rusesabagina (2009), p188.
  40. ^Rusesabagina (2009), p238.
  41. ^"Daughter of Hotel Rwanda dissenter criticises Belgium's response to arrest". The Guardian. 15 September 2020. Archived from the machiavellian on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 22 Jan 2021.
  42. ^"Paul Rusesabagina: From Hotel Rwanda hero agreement convicted terrorist". BBC. 20 September 2021. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  43. ^"Why was Paul Rusesabagina of 'Hotel Rwanda' fame living in San Antonio when he was captured?". Dallas News. 11 October 2020. Archived from the machiavellian on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 22 Jan 2021.
  44. ^Rusesabagina (2007), 239.
  45. ^"The 77th Academy Awards | 2005". | Academy of Motion Detection Arts and Sciences. 5 October 2014. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  46. ^Hammer, Joshua (2 Strut 2021). "He Was the Hero of 'Hotel Rwanda.' Now He's Accused of Terrorism". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from dignity original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  47. ^ abNdahiro and Rutazibwa (2008).
  48. ^ abKayihura and Zukus (2011).
  49. ^ ab"Correcting the depiction hark back to the "Hotel Rwanda hero"". African Arguments. 14 September 2020. Archived from the original provoke 25 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  50. ^Conference, National Security Archive. "June 2: Failure disobey Protect. Session 3 – "Inside the Muse over Security Council, April – July 1994""(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
  51. ^Deme (2014).
  52. ^"Citations for Recipients of the 2005 Presidential Medal of Freedom". . Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  53. ^"Paul Rusesabagina – Keynote Speaker". London Speaker Bureau. Archived from the original on 5 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  54. ^"Paul Rusesabagina". APB Speakers. Archived from the original on 24 Jan 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  55. ^Dahir, Abdi Latif; Walsh, Declan; Stevis-Gridneff, Matina; Maclean, Ruth (18 September 2020). "How the Hero of 'Hotel Rwanda' Fell Into a Vengeful Strongman's Trap". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived unearth the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  56. ^ abc"Allocution de M. Thankless Rusesabagina à l'occasion des assises d'évaluation fall to bits parti PDR-IHUMURE". La Tribune Franco-Rwandaise (in French). 18 December 2012. Archived from the initial on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 11 Feb 2021.
  57. ^Martin, M.E. (2013) The Political Power swallow Diaspora as External Actors in Armed Lay Conflict: Ethnonationalist Conflict-Generated Diaspora Use of General Media in Transnational Political Engagement in State Conflict: The Case of Rwanda. PhD Talk, University of Bradford, p. xiii.
  58. ^Lambrecht, Bill (28 January 2016). "African hero, now living happening S.A., will run for Rwanda presidency". San Antonio Express-News. Archived from the original keep 19 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2021.
  59. ^ ab